Europeans first arrived along the
Potomac River in the 16th century and the area quickly became prosperous; tobacco brought vast wealth to the gentleman planters, and the abundance of slaves gave them ample time for leisure. After the revolutionary war Congress had to decide on the location of a new 'Federal Town'. The 10 square miles (26 sq km) between
Maryland and
Virginia, which is now the
District of Columbia, was finally selected for its strategic location between North and South.
French architect,
Pierre L'Enfant, was chosen to plan the town, and as he pegged out streets 150 feet (46m)
wide, and one grand avenue 400 feet (122m) wide and a mile long, the local landowners thought he'd gone mad - he was throwing away valuable land that could be used for farming! It was to take 50 years before Washington, DC (District of Columbia) took on the air and appearance of a capital city.
Today, Washington, DC with its low-profile skyline is a city of green parks and open spaces, grand buildings, historic landmarks, marbled monuments and impressive museums, with character-filled neighborhoods that support a thriving cultural scene.
This thriving cosmopolitan city is an international hub of power and diplomacy, commanding the political center stage for the world's most powerful nation, and representing all the democratic ideals that the country takes pride in. Washington, DC was one of the targets of the terrorist attack on the
USA on 11 September 2001, when a hijacked plane crashed into
the Pentagon, the heart of national and international security. Since then security has remained high around Washington's key monuments and police checks at top city attractions have lent a sober air to this pleasant city.
After politics, tourism is the capital's main industry. The city plays host to millions of people annually who come to explore famous sights such as the domed
US Capitol, the stately
White House,
Lincoln Memorial and the soaring
Washington Monument. The most well-known sights are located along the
National Mall, a green park stretching from
the US Capitol to the Lincoln Memorial on the Potomac River, and include several memorials to great US presidents of the past, as well as the outstanding museums of the
Smithsonian Institute. Almost all major attractions are free.
Besides political sights, Washington is also a city of interesting neighborhoods, each with its own character and culture. The most celebrated of these is historic
Georgetown, with elegant colonial houses, boutiques, fancy restaurants, and a lively nightlife. One of the most colorful neighborhoods is the bohemian district of Adams-Morgan with an assortment of funky shops and ethnic stores, while the arty suburb of
Dupont Circle is an affluent business and residential area, with excellent restaurants, art galleries and shops that makes up the center of DC's gay community.
