CanberraAustralia's capital city,
Canberra, had a difficult birth, punctuated by political infighting, wars and the
Great Depression, but it is now a thriving modern city which, together with its surrounds, makes up
Australia's Capital Territory. Canberra lies 95 miles (150km) in from the East Coast, by road 175 miles (280km) from
Sydney and 415 miles (660km) from Melbourne.
Like most capitals of the world, Canberra boasts an architectural heritage in its civic and Government buildings, but Canberra is also blessed with some of the loveliest surroundings of any national capital.
There are more than 30 Australian artistic and cultural institutions located in Canberra, ranging from the
Australian War Memorial to Parliament House, surmounted by a colossal stainless-steel flagpole and set in 23 hectares of gardens. In the center of
Lake Burley Griffin, the impressive
Captain Cook Memorial Jet shoots a six-ton column of water 482 feet (147m) into the air, while on the shore the
National Gallery of Australia houses the country's premier public art collection spanning about 5,000 years of international art.
Canberra is also known for its spring festival, Floriade, when the parks and gardens surrounding Lake Burley Griffin explode with colorful displays of massed tulips and other blooms. The city, with its many parklands, is especially beautiful in spring and autumn.
Getting Around: Public transport is limited to buses and because Canberra is spread out, with meagre weekend services and no transport after about 10pm, visitors are best off with a car. There is plenty of parking at the tourist sites and the road system is excellent and uncongested; to hire a car drivers must be 21 years of age and hold a valid driver's license, sometimes in conjunction with an international driver's permit. The Action bus company routes cover most tourist attractions from four town center bus interchanges: City, Woden, Tuggeranong and Belconnen. A day bus pass is available from bus drivers or the tourist information center. Cycling is also a popular means of transport in Canberra and there is an extensive network of bicycle paths around the city. Taxi ranks are available in most major areas of the city.
Climate: On average Canberra has seven hours of sunshine a day all year round, which, together with a low rainfall average, makes this a fine holiday destination. Summer weather in Canberra is generally hot and dry with mild easterly and north-westerly winds prevailing. Nights become cooler when autumn sets in, and winter is characterized by the arrival of numerous cold fronts. Temperatures may be lower in winter, but the sun still shines most of the time. October is on average the wettest month, though rainfall is minimal.
