South Africa — Destinations
Cape Winelands
The extensive and verdant beauty of the Winelands region is one of the Cape's most alluring attractions. No visit to Cape Town would be complete without having taken the time to explore at least one of the 13 wine routes in what is the largest wine-producing area in the Western Cape.
Rugged, blue-tinged mountains surround the green valleys dotted with charming, historic towns among vineyards and olive groves, where visitors can admire traditional Cape Dutch architecture, sip world-class wines and soak up the rich cultural and historical heritage. Stellenbosch, Franschhoek and Paarl are the most well known wine-producing valleys in the region, situated within easy reach of each other, while the oldest wine farm in South Africa, Groot Constantia, is located within the Mother City itself, and is part of the tiny Constantia wine route, which was developed by Simon van der Stel in the late 1600s. Other smaller wine routes include Worcester, Tulbagh, Wellington and Somerset West. With a selection of more than 200 cellars to choose from, the Cape Winelands boast some of the finest wines in the world.
In addition to savouring the fruits of the vine, visitors can sample superb culinary fare at some of the finest restaurants in the country, browse the art galleries and local craft shops, visit historic monuments and museums, and partake in an array of activities from walking, horse riding and fly-fishing to golf and paragliding. Food and wine festivals take place throughout the year and are a great introduction to the bewitching charms of the region.
Climate
The Cape Winelands experience a Mediterranean climate with weather in summer being hot and dry and winter being cold and wet. The winter months, between May and August, experience heavy rains, strong north-westerly winds and low temperatures. There is even occasional snow on the surrounding mountains. The summer months are characterized by warm, dry days with little wind in Cape Winelands. The daily temperature in towns such as Paarl and Stellenbosch can soar up to 100°F (38°C) during the hottest months of January to March. The best time to enjoy the winelands is between the months of October and February when temperatures are cooler and the heat is bearable, while the winter months provide a cosier alternative.
Cape Town
The lure of a holiday in Cape Town lies in its spectacular setting and the beauty of its natural environment, as well as the rich cultural diversity of its people.
It has had a long and turbulent history, and the effects of Apartheid still linger in the minds and hearts of the people. Transformation, however, has led to a feeling of hope in this new 'Rainbow Nation', which can be experienced in the cosmopolitan city center of Cape Town. Flower sellers, business executives, parking attendants, office workers and shoppers all rub shoulders in a setting of both historical and modern buildings, backed by the city's most famous landmark, Table Mountain. The colorful Malay Quarter, the remains of District Six, St George's Cathedral, Government Avenue and the old Castle are historically significant, while world-class African and international restaurants tempt travelers with their culinary delights. Although an African city, Cape Town has a marked European influence and visitors can experience the excitement of Africa from the comforts of First World surroundings.
Cape Town's unique setting means that it can be enjoyed from various vantage points: Table Mountain, Lion's Head, and Signal Hill provide breathtaking vistas over the city bowl and the Cape peninsula with its beautiful beaches; trips to Robben Island offer a dramatic sweep of scenery across to Table Bay; and harbor tours and old buildings await exploration at the cosmopolitan Waterfront. Many scenic routes meander along magnificent stretches of coastline and inland terrain leading to special places like Cape Point, the meeting place of the cold Benguela and warm Mozambique currents; and Chapman's Peak, which boasts one of the most picturesque drives in the country.
It is a city with four distinct seasons, each working its particular magic on Cape Town and bringing with it a flood of associations - summer and white sandy beaches, autumn's crisp colors, the ferocity of stormy seas in winter, and spring's show of Cape fynbosflowers.
This vast combination of culture, history and scenery leads to an unforgettable experience. This is a special place with much to contribute towards its growing reputation as a favored travel destination.
Garden Route
The stretch of southern coastline between the town of Heidelberg and the Tsitsikamma National Park makes up South Africa's well-traveled 'Garden Route', scattered with popular resort towns. The coastal plain is backed by spectacular mountain ranges, offering scenic lakes, indigenous forests, golden beaches and secluded bays.
The main town on the route is George, which is a bustling commercial center with some good hotels making it a good central point from which to explore the coastal region. From George it is also a short drive inland over the Outeniqua Mountains to Oudtshoorn, site of the world-renowned Cango Caves and home to several ostrich farms that welcome visitors to enjoy their entertaining and educational tours. Other popular vacation towns on the Garden Route include Mossel Bay and Plettenberg Bay.
Attractions along the Garden Route encompass a wide variety from historic sites to scenic vistas, and beaches to nature reserves. There are ample opportunities to interact with nature, and you may spot whales, dolphins, seals, baboons, and nearly 300 species of bird. To make the most of the area one needs to stray from the national N2 highway and explore the towns, villages and resorts en route. A fun way of enjoying the scenery is to ride on the Outeniqua Choo-Choo vintage steam train between George and Knysna. There are also great recreational opportunities to enthrall active vacationers, from bungee jumping and water sports, to hiking trails and canopy tours.
Climate
The Garden Route has a maritime Mediterranean climate with hot summers and mild, winters with chilly nights. The area experiences the most rainfall in South Africa, but this mostly falls at night; the western half of the Garden Route has most rainfall in the winter months, while towards the east rain tends to fall predominantly during summer. Average temperatures from December to March are about 75-86ºF (24-30ºC), while winters average 64ºF (18ºC).
Port Elizabeth
The industrial city of Port Elizabeth is the center of the Eastern Cape region of South Africa, known in most tourist guides as 'settler country'. The city was founded by shiploads of British settler families who arrived in the Eastern Cape in the early 19th century, hoping to improve their prospects after suffering economic hardship because of the industrial revolution at home. The settlers also intended to strengthen defenses against the local Xhosa people, who had been pushed back beyond the Fish River frontier. They came ashore at Algoa Bay, where there was nothing more than the small British Fort Frederick to welcome them.
The city, from its humble beginnings, has grown into a principal port and manufacturing center. Although it is very much a working town with a large indigent population living in the outlying township areas, Port Elizabeth draws plenty of tourists because of its proximity to the attractions of the east coast and historically interesting interior. The city is justifiably known as 'the friendly city' and Algoa Bay boasts 25 miles (40km) of beautiful sandy beaches lapped by the warm waters of the Indian Ocean. The attractive beachfront is the venue for the annual 'Splash' festival and world boardsailing championships, and features a long promenade and pier full of tourist facilities. Port Elizabeth has a few museums and a small oceanarium, as well as the Nelson Mandela Stadium, which was built for the 2010 World Cup and dominates the cityscape. The nearby Donkin Reserve provides a pleasant day trip as do Seaview Game and Lion Park and the Kragga Kamma Game Park, and slightly further afield visitors can see the 'Big Five' at Shamwari Game Reserve, Amakhala Game Reserve, and Addo Elephant Park.
Durban
Delightful Durban is the largest city of the vast and varied KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. A coastal port with a more than equable sub-tropical climate and wide golden beaches washed by the warm Indian Ocean, Durban is a holidaymaker's paradise and gateway to the dozens of seaside resort towns of the coast to the south and north of the city. The 'Golden Mile' central beach area, flanked by numerous high-rise hotels, stretches for four miles (6km) and is fronted by promenades and entertainment facilities with many things to see and do, such as a skatepark, flea markets and colorful traditionally clad Zulu rickshaw pullers.
Although much of Durban is characterized by British colonial heritage and beautiful Art Deco architecture, the city is actually an exciting mix of cultures. There is a large Indian community, descendants of indentured laborers who came to work on the Natal sugar estates in the 1850s, and who provide the city with an intoxicating oriental flavor enhanced by their shrines, bazaars and tantalizing curry restaurants. There are also the Zulu people, whose proud warrior ancestors inhabited the province before the coming of the European colonial powers. The heritage of the amaZulu is very evident in the region north of the Tugela River, known as Zululand, where the legendary King Shaka once ruled supreme and today is where most of KwaZulu-Natal's best game parks are to be found.
Durban is the gateway not only to the coastal beach resorts of the province, but also to the rolling hills and plains of the Natal Midlands and their backdrop: the majestic, jagged peaks of the Drakensberg Mountains, which border the province in the west and cradle the nearby mountain kingdom of Lesotho.
Johannesburg
The capital of South Africa's smallest province, Gauteng, Johannesburg is the economic powerhouse of Africa with its ever-growing suburban sprawl creeping outwards from the central city skyscrapers and ring-road motorways.
The more than 10-million inhabitants live fast and have a restless spirit, which they have imparted into the fabric of the city, also known by its African name as Egoli, 'the place of gold'. The development of the city, which is just over a century old, has followed the fortunes of the Witwatersrand (White Water Reef), the rich gold-bearing rock reef that stretches across this area of central South Africa. The initial gold rush started in the 1880s, and barely ten years later Johannesburg had become South Africa's largest town and the site of frenzied development that has been ongoing ever since.
Johannesburg today is a city of contrasts, with glass-paned modern luxury high-rises towering beside a few remaining dilapidated Victorian buildings, and affluent northern suburbs with stunning private homes behind high fences giving way to the squalid streets and tiny shoebox houses of the massive Soweto township in the south. The chasm between rich and poor in the city has given rise to a high crime rate, evidenced by the fortress-like security that pervades the wealthier suburbs.
Most visitors to South Africa, particularly those intent on exploring the game reserves of Mpumalanga, arrive at Johannesburg's busy OR Tambo International Airport, which is the main point of entry for the country. There is little in Johannesburg itself to grab the attention of tourists, but a few days can be filled taking in some entertaining man-made attractions before heading off to the game parks of the northeast or the coastal regions. The most interesting diversion in Johannesburg is undoubtedly a 'Heritage Route' or 'Shebeen Crawl' tour of Soweto, but take care only to venture into the maze of the township with an organized tour or professional guide.
Mpumalanga
Mpumalanga, meaning 'land of the rising sun', is a province rich in wildlife, African culture, pioneer history and natural beauty. Situated in the east of the country, north of KwaZulu-Natal, it borders Swaziland and Mozambique and encompasses the southern section of the world-renowned Kruger National Park.
Mpumalanga is 'Big Game Country', and the Lowveld is the setting for dozens of private game reserves and luxury lodges that abound in bird and animal life. Nelspruit is the capital and gateway to the province, situated two hundred miles (325km) east of Johannesburg, and is South Africa's fastest growing city with a vibrant Central Business District. Although not much of a tourist attraction in itself, Nelspruit is situated in the heart of a region rich in natural attractions, which makes it a favorite jumping off point for exploring the Lowveld area. The city's train station and airport welcome travelers several times a day, most of whom are en route to the Kruger National Park, whose southern Malelane Gate is about 40 miles (63km) from Nelspruit.
It is not only those interested in safaris that come to Mpumalanga, however. Besides wonderful opportunities for bird watching and game viewing, the area is also scenically beautiful with its mountains, valleys, waterfalls, canyons and panoramic passes. Mpumalanga's lack of development means more space for its natural finery, which is particularly evident along its scenic meander known as the Panorama Route that takes in spectacular sights along the eastern slopes of the escarpment such as the Blyde River Canyon and God's Window, as well as lesser-known vistas like Bourke's Luck Potholes, Wonder View and the Three Rondavels. The little town of Pilgrim's Rest is a popular attraction for those interested in the history of the 1870s gold rush, while streams that once held the promise of gold are now a haven for trout and fly-fishermen, particularly near the town of Dullstroom. The region is also home to the Ndebele people, famous for their beadwork and uniquely painted houses.
Climate
Mpumalanga is a summer rainfall area and has a subtropical climate with hot summers and mild winters. The highveld region to the west experiences more extreme temperatures and is hotter in summer, colder in winter and generally drier than the rest of the province. The lowveld, which includes Nelspruit the provincial capital, has hot summer days and warm nights, with warm, sunny days in winter and cold nights.
Kruger National Park
The Kruger National Park is South Africa's oldest, largest and best-known wildlife conservation area, home to a huge variety of wildlife and most famous for its 'Big Five' viewing opportunities. Visitors have an excellent chance of seeing lion, elephant, leopard, buffalo and rhino among the enormous variety of wildlife, including over 140 species of mammals, 500 species of birds, reptiles and amphibians.
The park had its beginnings in 1898, when President Paul Kruger established a protected area for wildlife after hunters came close to wiping out the rich game of the region. The Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902) stopped further progress until the development of the Sabie Game Reserve by the British, which later expanded into today's Kruger Park. The park was opened to visitors in 1927, and at present stretches for 236 miles (350km) from the Crocodile River in the south up to the Limpopo River, and is about 40 miles (65km) wide; roughly the size of Israel.
Situated on South Africa's north eastern border, Kruger is a primary destination for international tourists, and is visited by more than half a million local and international people every year who are attracted by the different safari options as well as the park's excellent range of visitor facilities and choice of accommodation, from luxurious game lodges to cottages and camping. The park is criss-crossed by over a thousand miles of roads and offers excellent opportunities for self-drive safaris as well as guided drives. Bush walks with armed and experienced rangers offer a more thrilling safari option where animals like lion and elephant are tracked through the bush on foot. Visitors may only traverse the park between sunrise and sunset; when darkness descends it is best to be safe in a fenced rest camp. The park has other restrictions that must be adhered to, such as a total ban on pets and firearms, and strict regulations on where visitors may get out of their cars. Visitors should also be aware that Kruger is a malaria zone.
This vast sanctuary is a must-see for every visitor to the country. The south is teeming with wildlife and as a result is the most popular area, while the remote northern region is little visited by game or people, but provides some of the best birding opportunities in southern Africa as well as an abundance of historic iron-age and Bushmen (San) sites. Rivers interrupt the extensive grassy plains towards the center of the park, and the region provides an excellent setting for predators and birdlife.
Climate
Kruger's subtropical climate means hot, wet summers and warm, dry winters. Summer temperatures between October and March can climb to 104°F (40°C), while daytime winter temperatures from June to August are much more pleasant at around 79° F (26°C), but nights are cold. Game viewing is best in winter.
Battlefields
Zululand, ancestral home of the Zulu people and site of many a bloody battle between the British, the Boers and the Zulus during the 19th century, abounds in significant towns, memorials and battle sites that form part of the historic Battlefields Route. This land once encompassed the Zulu kingdom led by legendary Shaka Zulu, and then by his half-brother Dingaan, who clashed with both the English and Afrikaaner settlers in what are today recorded as some of the most important battles in South African history.
Over a period of about 70 years, the plains, rolling hills and river valleys saw numerous brutal, blood-soaked conflicts over land ownership, political independence and the desire for colonial domination. The first major battle, and one of the most terrible, took place in 1838 between the Voortrekkers and the Zulus in what became known as the Battle of Blood River. Then followed the Anglo-Zulu War in 1879 in response to British dissatisfaction regarding the increasing strength of the Zulus, and the battles that took place at Isandlwana Hill and Rorke's Drift are remarkable for their tales of heroism and brutality. In 1880 and again in 1889, anti-British sentiment among the disgruntled Voortrekkers, as well as a desire for Afrikaaner independence, led to the two Anglo-Boer wars that captured the attention of the world and resulted in heavy loss of life among both the Boers and the British. The devastating siege of Ladysmith and the Battle of Spioenkop are among the most famous battles that took place during the second Anglo-Boer War from 1889 to 1902.
The Battlefields Route covers 14 historical towns, including Ladysmith and Dundee, numerous national monuments and informative museums, and over 50 battlefields in the surrounding countryside, which are best explored as a self-drive adventure or as part of a tour. Every town on the route has a story to tell or an event to commemorate and tourism offices throughout the region provide maps and guides to assist visitors in making the most of the history, culture, scenery and wildlife.
Kimberley
Capital of the Northern Cape Province, Kimberley is best known for its Big Hole, a legacy from the diamond rush in the area in 1871. Kimberley began as a town named New Rush, which formed around the hill where a 83.50 carat (16.7g) diamond was found; as miners arrived in their thousands the hill gradually disappeared and became known as the Kimberley Mine or 'Big Hole', the largest hand-dug excavation in the world. The Big Hole reached a depth of 787ft (240m) and yielded three tons (2,722kg) of diamonds until its closure in 1914.
The growing metropolis became the first city in the southern hemisphere to install electric street lighting and was home to the country's first stock exchange and flying school. Kimberley's prosperity has continued into the 21st century and the thriving city is rich in history. Most of the city's opulent lifestyle and characteristic Victorian architecture can be seen in the historical suburb of Belgravia, and it also offers visitors many museums as well as one of South Africa's most important art galleries. Kimberley's biggest attraction is still the Big Hole, however, and visitors can visit the informative museum, which recounts the tale of the diamond rush and offers an insight into the lives of those who lived and worked in the area.
Climate
Kimberley's climate is typical of desert and semi-desert areas. Summers are hot and winters mild, but with cold nights. January is the hottest month with temperatures averaging 91-97°F (33-36°C), while winter temperatures average 64ºF (18ºC). Annual rainfall is unreliable and occurs mainly during the hot summer months in the form of thunderstorms.
East London
Gateway to the Wild Coast, East London is a small, friendly city on the Indian Ocean where activities like surfing, fishing and golf take precedence. The city center branches out into business parks, malls and suburbs set in subtropical vegetation, which are dissected by a myriad of rivers such as the Buffalo and Nahoon, whose wide banks meander lazily into the ocean, offering locals excellent fishing, rowing and cruising opportunities.
Formerly a British fort, the city can easily be explored on foot. There are many attractions such as the East London Museum that houses the prehistoric coelacanth and the city hall that should not be missed. It is best for visitors to have a car so that they can access various attractions dotted on the outskirts such as Steve Biko's grave, the aquarium, the harbor which is the only river port in the southern hemisphere, and the superb seafood restaurants that line the beachfront.
It takes only 20 minutes from the bustle of this small city to one of the tranquil and isolated holiday villages on the coast where rolling hills of indigenous vegetation are met by long expanses of untouched beaches. Here visitors can go horse riding on the shore, visit the Gonubie Nature Reserve that has over 150 different bird species or stay at the Inkwenkwezi Private Game Reserve where the remarkable Big Five can be seen.
Climate
East London is a sunny city that experiences hot summers and moderate winters. Temperatures in summer can reach over 86°F (30°C) and rainfall is usually in the spring and autumn months.
Bloemfontein
Known as the 'City of Roses', Bloemfontein is a small interior city that forms the economic and cultural center of the Free State and is the judicial capital of South Africa. With wide streets, beautifully kept gardens and dated state buildings, Bloemfontein is a modern city that has an old charm about it.
Surrounded by rural farmland for many miles in every direction, the metropolis is the central transport hub for the rest of the country and is visited mainly as a stopover to other destinations. While visiting, take a stroll down the historical, tree lined President Brand street, which has been declared a national conservation area and admire the architecture of the sandstone government buildings. One of the major centers of activity in Bloemfontein is the man-made Loch Logan Waterfront, which offers a range of shops, restaurants, bars and clubs and is the place to be after dark.
The Oliewenhuis Art Gallery is also a worthy sojourn as it houses magnificent work by both traditional and contemporary South African artists. The monthly art market in Kings Park, the annual Rose Festival in October and the Agricultural show in March all pull crowds from around South Africa and visiting tourists.
There are a number of reserves in the area, including Caledon, Franklin, Soetdoring Dam, and others. Bloemfontein also has several good golf courses, and a zoo that the kids will enjoy while Dad is on the links. Be sure to have visit the beautiful Free State National Botanical Gardens; and have a look at the Free State Stadium, the largest structure in town, that hosted five games for the 2010 World Cup.
Richards Bay
Richards Bay is one of South Africa's biggest ports, boasting the largest export coal terminal in the world that loads 66 million tons every year, and is situated on the 12 square mile (30 sq km) lagoon of the Mhlatuze River. It began as a makeshift harbor that was set up during the Anglo-Boer War of 1879 and is named after its founder, Sir Frederick Richards. The specialized ships that call are a must-see for maritime buffs. The town is a bustling business center featuring every modern facility and offers plenty of recreational facilities for visitors.
Besides the rapid industrial expansion, Richards Bay's tourism industry is thriving and it is fast becoming a popular north coast vacation destination, with spectacular scenery on offer and pristine golden beaches gently lapped by the warm waters of the Indian Ocean. It is a popular kite-surfing destination, as the area has good consistent winds blowing from the north-east, and highly ranked kite-surfers are regular visitors to this town. Tourists can enjoy plenty of other adventurous activities such as fishing, yachting and kayaking. Humpback dolphins and whales are frequent visitors to the waters around Richards Bay and can be viewed from a specially erected viewing point at Alkantstrand Beach.
While the town itself is notoriously sleepy, Richards Bay offers tourists entrance to the once forgotten corner of Africa that is Zululand, a place of exquisite beauty and diversity. A multitude of game reserves are within an hour or two's drive of Richards Bay. Hluhluwe Umfolozi Park is a must-see for nature lovers, featuring the 'big five' (elephants, lions, leopards, buffalo and rhinos) as well as cheetahs, wild dogs and nyala. Lake Mzingazi, the primary water supply of Richards Bay, is a popular tourist attraction offering visitors the chance to view Nile crocodiles and hippos as well as over 350 species of birds, making it a bird watcher's paradise. Richards Bay's surrounds have vast expanses of untouched and unspoiled indigenous vegetation as well as natural lakes and marshes, making it one of the most picturesque tourist destinations in the country.
Climate
Climate conditions in Richards Bay are typically subtropical to tropical with summer temperatures all year round. The average daily temperature in summer is 82ºF (28ºC) and in winter 72º F (22ºC). The humidity levels tend to be very high and the annual rainfall is 47.2 inches (1200mm).
Transkei
The Transkei (meaning 'across the Kei') is a region situated roughly between East London and Durban in the Eastern Cape, bordered by the Great Kei River in the south and the Umtamvuna River near Port Edward in the north.
Characterised by green rolling hills scattered with round thatched huts, and a stunning coastline, the ruggedly beautiful Transkei region has become increasingly attractive to tourists seeking an unspoiled experience of South Africa, a far cry from the many westernised luxuries that can be found throughout most of the country. The Wild Coast is perhaps the most visited part, with stretches of golden beach sprinkled with shells, overlooked by traditional Xhosa villages set amid the green hills, and punctuated by rough potholed roads.
Coffee Bay and Port St John's are the two main tourist towns and have become a haven for independent travelers and backpackers. Hole-in-the-Wall close to Coffee Bay is a popular attraction, a geographical marvel where the sea has pounded a tunnel through a huge rock in the sea.
Historically, the Transkei was one of the homelands created by the Apartheid government to be set aside for black, Xhosa-speaking South Africans until it became an independent state in 1976 with Umtata (Mthatha) as the capital. Today the only reason to visit Umtata is to see the Nelson Mandela Museum that showcases his life in photos and displays. Just to the north the little town of Qunu lays its claim to fame as the birthplace of Mandela.
Climate
The Transkei's climate is subtropical with plenty of rainfall during the summer months and hot, humid weather. Winter weather is dry and mild. Average daytime temperatures during the summer from November to March range from 70F to 79F (21C to 26C). The coldest time of the year is at night during the winter months when the temperature drops to around 50F (10C).
Pretoria
Pretoria is affectionately known as the Jacaranda City due to its profusion of purple-colored trees that blossom in spring. It is located 56 miles (90km) from Johannesburg, although this drive can take up to two hours in the infamous traffic between the two cities. Pretoria is South Africa's administrative capital and one of the country's more attractive cities, its relatively green and picturesque urban center forming a stark contrast to its much more chaotic neighbor of Johannesburg. Pretoria was founded in 1955 and named after Andries Pretorius, the boerleader at the Battle of Blood River where the Voortrekkersdefeated the Zulus under King Dingaan. But since 1994, the city's Jacaranda tree-lined streets are better known as the administrative capital of South Africa, and as home to the iconic Union Buildings where Nelson Mandela was sworn in as the country's first democratically elected president. Pretoria may not be one of South Africa's most popular tourist destinations, but it makes a fantastic base for a multitude of sightseeing opportunities. Offering some unique attractions such as the historic Voortrekker Monument, the South African National Zoological Gardens, one of the world's first-class zoos, and the nearby town of Cullinan where the discovery of the world's largest diamond took place, Pretoria offers visitors a unique glimpse into a city brimming with history and simultaneously embracing its cultural changes.
Drakensberg Mountains
The jagged peaks of the Drakensberg (Dragon Mountains) tower over the eastern border of Kwa-Zulu Natal with Lesotho, providing a paradise for outdoor enthusiasts. The mountains abound with hiking trails, climbing routes, 4x4 trails, pony treks and adventure pursuits, all accessible from numerous resorts in the lower reaches.
Though home to a few luxury resorts and small towns, the region is largely untamed, and criss-crossed by lengths of rugged dirt roads. The only road that breaches the mountain range and crosses the border to Lesotho is the hair-raising Sani Pass, which is topped by the highest pub in Africa.
The mountain range is a popular getaway for Johannesburg and Durban residents, offering plenty of opportunities for hiking, rock climbing, golf, horseback riding, fishing, and even hot air ballooning. If relaxation is what you're after however, you can simply enjoy the stunning views provided by the peaks and valleys and their waterfalls, caves, streams, and rock pools. Several locations, including Giant's Castle, feature ancient rock paintings left by the San people on cave walls.
Whether you venture north to the highest peaks of Mont-Aux-Sources, Cathedral Peak, and the Amphitheater; or amuse yourself in the foothills to the south, a vacation in the Drakensberg Mountains offer fun and relaxation for everyone.
Cape Winelands
The extensive and verdant beauty of the Winelands region is one of the Cape's most alluring attractions. No visit to Cape Town would be complete without having taken the time to explore at least one of the 13 wine routes in what is the largest wine-producing area in the Western Cape.
Rugged, blue-tinged mountains surround the green valleys dotted with charming, historic towns among vineyards and olive groves, where visitors can admire traditional Cape Dutch architecture, sip world-class wines and soak up the rich cultural and historical heritage. Stellenbosch, Franschhoek and Paarl are the most well known wine-producing valleys in the region, situated within easy reach of each other, while the oldest wine farm in South Africa, Groot Constantia, is located within the Mother City itself, and is part of the tiny Constantia wine route, which was developed by Simon van der Stel in the late 1600s. Other smaller wine routes include Worcester, Tulbagh, Wellington and Somerset West. With a selection of more than 200 cellars to choose from, the Cape Winelands boast some of the finest wines in the world.
In addition to savouring the fruits of the vine, visitors can sample superb culinary fare at some of the finest restaurants in the country, browse the art galleries and local craft shops, visit historic monuments and museums, and partake in an array of activities from walking, horse riding and fly-fishing to golf and paragliding. Food and wine festivals take place throughout the year and are a great introduction to the bewitching charms of the region.
Climate
The Cape Winelands experience a Mediterranean climate with weather in summer being hot and dry and winter being cold and wet. The winter months, between May and August, experience heavy rains, strong north-westerly winds and low temperatures. There is even occasional snow on the surrounding mountains. The summer months are characterized by warm, dry days with little wind in Cape Winelands. The daily temperature in towns such as Paarl and Stellenbosch can soar up to 100°F (38°C) during the hottest months of January to March. The best time to enjoy the winelands is between the months of October and February when temperatures are cooler and the heat is bearable, while the winter months provide a cosier alternative.
Cape Town
The lure of a holiday in Cape Town lies in its spectacular setting and the beauty of its natural environment, as well as the rich cultural diversity of its people.
It has had a long and turbulent history, and the effects of Apartheid still linger in the minds and hearts of the people. Transformation, however, has led to a feeling of hope in this new 'Rainbow Nation', which can be experienced in the cosmopolitan city center of Cape Town. Flower sellers, business executives, parking attendants, office workers and shoppers all rub shoulders in a setting of both historical and modern buildings, backed by the city's most famous landmark, Table Mountain. The colorful Malay Quarter, the remains of District Six, St George's Cathedral, Government Avenue and the old Castle are historically significant, while world-class African and international restaurants tempt travelers with their culinary delights. Although an African city, Cape Town has a marked European influence and visitors can experience the excitement of Africa from the comforts of First World surroundings.
Cape Town's unique setting means that it can be enjoyed from various vantage points: Table Mountain, Lion's Head, and Signal Hill provide breathtaking vistas over the city bowl and the Cape peninsula with its beautiful beaches; trips to Robben Island offer a dramatic sweep of scenery across to Table Bay; and harbor tours and old buildings await exploration at the cosmopolitan Waterfront. Many scenic routes meander along magnificent stretches of coastline and inland terrain leading to special places like Cape Point, the meeting place of the cold Benguela and warm Mozambique currents; and Chapman's Peak, which boasts one of the most picturesque drives in the country.
It is a city with four distinct seasons, each working its particular magic on Cape Town and bringing with it a flood of associations - summer and white sandy beaches, autumn's crisp colors, the ferocity of stormy seas in winter, and spring's show of Cape fynbosflowers.
This vast combination of culture, history and scenery leads to an unforgettable experience. This is a special place with much to contribute towards its growing reputation as a favored travel destination.
Garden Route
The stretch of southern coastline between the town of Heidelberg and the Tsitsikamma National Park makes up South Africa's well-traveled 'Garden Route', scattered with popular resort towns. The coastal plain is backed by spectacular mountain ranges, offering scenic lakes, indigenous forests, golden beaches and secluded bays.
The main town on the route is George, which is a bustling commercial center with some good hotels making it a good central point from which to explore the coastal region. From George it is also a short drive inland over the Outeniqua Mountains to Oudtshoorn, site of the world-renowned Cango Caves and home to several ostrich farms that welcome visitors to enjoy their entertaining and educational tours. Other popular vacation towns on the Garden Route include Mossel Bay and Plettenberg Bay.
Attractions along the Garden Route encompass a wide variety from historic sites to scenic vistas, and beaches to nature reserves. There are ample opportunities to interact with nature, and you may spot whales, dolphins, seals, baboons, and nearly 300 species of bird. To make the most of the area one needs to stray from the national N2 highway and explore the towns, villages and resorts en route. A fun way of enjoying the scenery is to ride on the Outeniqua Choo-Choo vintage steam train between George and Knysna. There are also great recreational opportunities to enthrall active vacationers, from bungee jumping and water sports, to hiking trails and canopy tours.
Climate
The Garden Route has a maritime Mediterranean climate with hot summers and mild, winters with chilly nights. The area experiences the most rainfall in South Africa, but this mostly falls at night; the western half of the Garden Route has most rainfall in the winter months, while towards the east rain tends to fall predominantly during summer. Average temperatures from December to March are about 75-86ºF (24-30ºC), while winters average 64ºF (18ºC).
Port Elizabeth
The industrial city of Port Elizabeth is the center of the Eastern Cape region of South Africa, known in most tourist guides as 'settler country'. The city was founded by shiploads of British settler families who arrived in the Eastern Cape in the early 19th century, hoping to improve their prospects after suffering economic hardship because of the industrial revolution at home. The settlers also intended to strengthen defenses against the local Xhosa people, who had been pushed back beyond the Fish River frontier. They came ashore at Algoa Bay, where there was nothing more than the small British Fort Frederick to welcome them.
The city, from its humble beginnings, has grown into a principal port and manufacturing center. Although it is very much a working town with a large indigent population living in the outlying township areas, Port Elizabeth draws plenty of tourists because of its proximity to the attractions of the east coast and historically interesting interior. The city is justifiably known as 'the friendly city' and Algoa Bay boasts 25 miles (40km) of beautiful sandy beaches lapped by the warm waters of the Indian Ocean. The attractive beachfront is the venue for the annual 'Splash' festival and world boardsailing championships, and features a long promenade and pier full of tourist facilities. Port Elizabeth has a few museums and a small oceanarium, as well as the Nelson Mandela Stadium, which was built for the 2010 World Cup and dominates the cityscape. The nearby Donkin Reserve provides a pleasant day trip as do Seaview Game and Lion Park and the Kragga Kamma Game Park, and slightly further afield visitors can see the 'Big Five' at Shamwari Game Reserve, Amakhala Game Reserve, and Addo Elephant Park.
Durban
Delightful Durban is the largest city of the vast and varied KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. A coastal port with a more than equable sub-tropical climate and wide golden beaches washed by the warm Indian Ocean, Durban is a holidaymaker's paradise and gateway to the dozens of seaside resort towns of the coast to the south and north of the city. The 'Golden Mile' central beach area, flanked by numerous high-rise hotels, stretches for four miles (6km) and is fronted by promenades and entertainment facilities with many things to see and do, such as a skatepark, flea markets and colorful traditionally clad Zulu rickshaw pullers.
Although much of Durban is characterized by British colonial heritage and beautiful Art Deco architecture, the city is actually an exciting mix of cultures. There is a large Indian community, descendants of indentured laborers who came to work on the Natal sugar estates in the 1850s, and who provide the city with an intoxicating oriental flavor enhanced by their shrines, bazaars and tantalizing curry restaurants. There are also the Zulu people, whose proud warrior ancestors inhabited the province before the coming of the European colonial powers. The heritage of the amaZulu is very evident in the region north of the Tugela River, known as Zululand, where the legendary King Shaka once ruled supreme and today is where most of KwaZulu-Natal's best game parks are to be found.
Durban is the gateway not only to the coastal beach resorts of the province, but also to the rolling hills and plains of the Natal Midlands and their backdrop: the majestic, jagged peaks of the Drakensberg Mountains, which border the province in the west and cradle the nearby mountain kingdom of Lesotho.
Johannesburg
The capital of South Africa's smallest province, Gauteng, Johannesburg is the economic powerhouse of Africa with its ever-growing suburban sprawl creeping outwards from the central city skyscrapers and ring-road motorways.
The more than 10-million inhabitants live fast and have a restless spirit, which they have imparted into the fabric of the city, also known by its African name as Egoli, 'the place of gold'. The development of the city, which is just over a century old, has followed the fortunes of the Witwatersrand (White Water Reef), the rich gold-bearing rock reef that stretches across this area of central South Africa. The initial gold rush started in the 1880s, and barely ten years later Johannesburg had become South Africa's largest town and the site of frenzied development that has been ongoing ever since.
Johannesburg today is a city of contrasts, with glass-paned modern luxury high-rises towering beside a few remaining dilapidated Victorian buildings, and affluent northern suburbs with stunning private homes behind high fences giving way to the squalid streets and tiny shoebox houses of the massive Soweto township in the south. The chasm between rich and poor in the city has given rise to a high crime rate, evidenced by the fortress-like security that pervades the wealthier suburbs.
Most visitors to South Africa, particularly those intent on exploring the game reserves of Mpumalanga, arrive at Johannesburg's busy OR Tambo International Airport, which is the main point of entry for the country. There is little in Johannesburg itself to grab the attention of tourists, but a few days can be filled taking in some entertaining man-made attractions before heading off to the game parks of the northeast or the coastal regions. The most interesting diversion in Johannesburg is undoubtedly a 'Heritage Route' or 'Shebeen Crawl' tour of Soweto, but take care only to venture into the maze of the township with an organized tour or professional guide.
Mpumalanga
Mpumalanga, meaning 'land of the rising sun', is a province rich in wildlife, African culture, pioneer history and natural beauty. Situated in the east of the country, north of KwaZulu-Natal, it borders Swaziland and Mozambique and encompasses the southern section of the world-renowned Kruger National Park.
Mpumalanga is 'Big Game Country', and the Lowveld is the setting for dozens of private game reserves and luxury lodges that abound in bird and animal life. Nelspruit is the capital and gateway to the province, situated two hundred miles (325km) east of Johannesburg, and is South Africa's fastest growing city with a vibrant Central Business District. Although not much of a tourist attraction in itself, Nelspruit is situated in the heart of a region rich in natural attractions, which makes it a favorite jumping off point for exploring the Lowveld area. The city's train station and airport welcome travelers several times a day, most of whom are en route to the Kruger National Park, whose southern Malelane Gate is about 40 miles (63km) from Nelspruit.
It is not only those interested in safaris that come to Mpumalanga, however. Besides wonderful opportunities for bird watching and game viewing, the area is also scenically beautiful with its mountains, valleys, waterfalls, canyons and panoramic passes. Mpumalanga's lack of development means more space for its natural finery, which is particularly evident along its scenic meander known as the Panorama Route that takes in spectacular sights along the eastern slopes of the escarpment such as the Blyde River Canyon and God's Window, as well as lesser-known vistas like Bourke's Luck Potholes, Wonder View and the Three Rondavels. The little town of Pilgrim's Rest is a popular attraction for those interested in the history of the 1870s gold rush, while streams that once held the promise of gold are now a haven for trout and fly-fishermen, particularly near the town of Dullstroom. The region is also home to the Ndebele people, famous for their beadwork and uniquely painted houses.
Climate
Mpumalanga is a summer rainfall area and has a subtropical climate with hot summers and mild winters. The highveld region to the west experiences more extreme temperatures and is hotter in summer, colder in winter and generally drier than the rest of the province. The lowveld, which includes Nelspruit the provincial capital, has hot summer days and warm nights, with warm, sunny days in winter and cold nights.
Kruger National Park
The Kruger National Park is South Africa's oldest, largest and best-known wildlife conservation area, home to a huge variety of wildlife and most famous for its 'Big Five' viewing opportunities. Visitors have an excellent chance of seeing lion, elephant, leopard, buffalo and rhino among the enormous variety of wildlife, including over 140 species of mammals, 500 species of birds, reptiles and amphibians.
The park had its beginnings in 1898, when President Paul Kruger established a protected area for wildlife after hunters came close to wiping out the rich game of the region. The Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902) stopped further progress until the development of the Sabie Game Reserve by the British, which later expanded into today's Kruger Park. The park was opened to visitors in 1927, and at present stretches for 236 miles (350km) from the Crocodile River in the south up to the Limpopo River, and is about 40 miles (65km) wide; roughly the size of Israel.
Situated on South Africa's north eastern border, Kruger is a primary destination for international tourists, and is visited by more than half a million local and international people every year who are attracted by the different safari options as well as the park's excellent range of visitor facilities and choice of accommodation, from luxurious game lodges to cottages and camping. The park is criss-crossed by over a thousand miles of roads and offers excellent opportunities for self-drive safaris as well as guided drives. Bush walks with armed and experienced rangers offer a more thrilling safari option where animals like lion and elephant are tracked through the bush on foot. Visitors may only traverse the park between sunrise and sunset; when darkness descends it is best to be safe in a fenced rest camp. The park has other restrictions that must be adhered to, such as a total ban on pets and firearms, and strict regulations on where visitors may get out of their cars. Visitors should also be aware that Kruger is a malaria zone.
This vast sanctuary is a must-see for every visitor to the country. The south is teeming with wildlife and as a result is the most popular area, while the remote northern region is little visited by game or people, but provides some of the best birding opportunities in southern Africa as well as an abundance of historic iron-age and Bushmen (San) sites. Rivers interrupt the extensive grassy plains towards the center of the park, and the region provides an excellent setting for predators and birdlife.
Climate
Kruger's subtropical climate means hot, wet summers and warm, dry winters. Summer temperatures between October and March can climb to 104°F (40°C), while daytime winter temperatures from June to August are much more pleasant at around 79° F (26°C), but nights are cold. Game viewing is best in winter.
Battlefields
Zululand, ancestral home of the Zulu people and site of many a bloody battle between the British, the Boers and the Zulus during the 19th century, abounds in significant towns, memorials and battle sites that form part of the historic Battlefields Route. This land once encompassed the Zulu kingdom led by legendary Shaka Zulu, and then by his half-brother Dingaan, who clashed with both the English and Afrikaaner settlers in what are today recorded as some of the most important battles in South African history.
Over a period of about 70 years, the plains, rolling hills and river valleys saw numerous brutal, blood-soaked conflicts over land ownership, political independence and the desire for colonial domination. The first major battle, and one of the most terrible, took place in 1838 between the Voortrekkers and the Zulus in what became known as the Battle of Blood River. Then followed the Anglo-Zulu War in 1879 in response to British dissatisfaction regarding the increasing strength of the Zulus, and the battles that took place at Isandlwana Hill and Rorke's Drift are remarkable for their tales of heroism and brutality. In 1880 and again in 1889, anti-British sentiment among the disgruntled Voortrekkers, as well as a desire for Afrikaaner independence, led to the two Anglo-Boer wars that captured the attention of the world and resulted in heavy loss of life among both the Boers and the British. The devastating siege of Ladysmith and the Battle of Spioenkop are among the most famous battles that took place during the second Anglo-Boer War from 1889 to 1902.
The Battlefields Route covers 14 historical towns, including Ladysmith and Dundee, numerous national monuments and informative museums, and over 50 battlefields in the surrounding countryside, which are best explored as a self-drive adventure or as part of a tour. Every town on the route has a story to tell or an event to commemorate and tourism offices throughout the region provide maps and guides to assist visitors in making the most of the history, culture, scenery and wildlife.
Kimberley
Capital of the Northern Cape Province, Kimberley is best known for its Big Hole, a legacy from the diamond rush in the area in 1871. Kimberley began as a town named New Rush, which formed around the hill where a 83.50 carat (16.7g) diamond was found; as miners arrived in their thousands the hill gradually disappeared and became known as the Kimberley Mine or 'Big Hole', the largest hand-dug excavation in the world. The Big Hole reached a depth of 787ft (240m) and yielded three tons (2,722kg) of diamonds until its closure in 1914.
The growing metropolis became the first city in the southern hemisphere to install electric street lighting and was home to the country's first stock exchange and flying school. Kimberley's prosperity has continued into the 21st century and the thriving city is rich in history. Most of the city's opulent lifestyle and characteristic Victorian architecture can be seen in the historical suburb of Belgravia, and it also offers visitors many museums as well as one of South Africa's most important art galleries. Kimberley's biggest attraction is still the Big Hole, however, and visitors can visit the informative museum, which recounts the tale of the diamond rush and offers an insight into the lives of those who lived and worked in the area.
Climate
Kimberley's climate is typical of desert and semi-desert areas. Summers are hot and winters mild, but with cold nights. January is the hottest month with temperatures averaging 91-97°F (33-36°C), while winter temperatures average 64ºF (18ºC). Annual rainfall is unreliable and occurs mainly during the hot summer months in the form of thunderstorms.
East London
Gateway to the Wild Coast, East London is a small, friendly city on the Indian Ocean where activities like surfing, fishing and golf take precedence. The city center branches out into business parks, malls and suburbs set in subtropical vegetation, which are dissected by a myriad of rivers such as the Buffalo and Nahoon, whose wide banks meander lazily into the ocean, offering locals excellent fishing, rowing and cruising opportunities.
Formerly a British fort, the city can easily be explored on foot. There are many attractions such as the East London Museum that houses the prehistoric coelacanth and the city hall that should not be missed. It is best for visitors to have a car so that they can access various attractions dotted on the outskirts such as Steve Biko's grave, the aquarium, the harbor which is the only river port in the southern hemisphere, and the superb seafood restaurants that line the beachfront.
It takes only 20 minutes from the bustle of this small city to one of the tranquil and isolated holiday villages on the coast where rolling hills of indigenous vegetation are met by long expanses of untouched beaches. Here visitors can go horse riding on the shore, visit the Gonubie Nature Reserve that has over 150 different bird species or stay at the Inkwenkwezi Private Game Reserve where the remarkable Big Five can be seen.
Climate
East London is a sunny city that experiences hot summers and moderate winters. Temperatures in summer can reach over 86°F (30°C) and rainfall is usually in the spring and autumn months.
Bloemfontein
Known as the 'City of Roses', Bloemfontein is a small interior city that forms the economic and cultural center of the Free State and is the judicial capital of South Africa. With wide streets, beautifully kept gardens and dated state buildings, Bloemfontein is a modern city that has an old charm about it.
Surrounded by rural farmland for many miles in every direction, the metropolis is the central transport hub for the rest of the country and is visited mainly as a stopover to other destinations. While visiting, take a stroll down the historical, tree lined President Brand street, which has been declared a national conservation area and admire the architecture of the sandstone government buildings. One of the major centers of activity in Bloemfontein is the man-made Loch Logan Waterfront, which offers a range of shops, restaurants, bars and clubs and is the place to be after dark.
The Oliewenhuis Art Gallery is also a worthy sojourn as it houses magnificent work by both traditional and contemporary South African artists. The monthly art market in Kings Park, the annual Rose Festival in October and the Agricultural show in March all pull crowds from around South Africa and visiting tourists.
There are a number of reserves in the area, including Caledon, Franklin, Soetdoring Dam, and others. Bloemfontein also has several good golf courses, and a zoo that the kids will enjoy while Dad is on the links. Be sure to have visit the beautiful Free State National Botanical Gardens; and have a look at the Free State Stadium, the largest structure in town, that hosted five games for the 2010 World Cup.
Richards Bay
Richards Bay is one of South Africa's biggest ports, boasting the largest export coal terminal in the world that loads 66 million tons every year, and is situated on the 12 square mile (30 sq km) lagoon of the Mhlatuze River. It began as a makeshift harbor that was set up during the Anglo-Boer War of 1879 and is named after its founder, Sir Frederick Richards. The specialized ships that call are a must-see for maritime buffs. The town is a bustling business center featuring every modern facility and offers plenty of recreational facilities for visitors.
Besides the rapid industrial expansion, Richards Bay's tourism industry is thriving and it is fast becoming a popular north coast vacation destination, with spectacular scenery on offer and pristine golden beaches gently lapped by the warm waters of the Indian Ocean. It is a popular kite-surfing destination, as the area has good consistent winds blowing from the north-east, and highly ranked kite-surfers are regular visitors to this town. Tourists can enjoy plenty of other adventurous activities such as fishing, yachting and kayaking. Humpback dolphins and whales are frequent visitors to the waters around Richards Bay and can be viewed from a specially erected viewing point at Alkantstrand Beach.
While the town itself is notoriously sleepy, Richards Bay offers tourists entrance to the once forgotten corner of Africa that is Zululand, a place of exquisite beauty and diversity. A multitude of game reserves are within an hour or two's drive of Richards Bay. Hluhluwe Umfolozi Park is a must-see for nature lovers, featuring the 'big five' (elephants, lions, leopards, buffalo and rhinos) as well as cheetahs, wild dogs and nyala. Lake Mzingazi, the primary water supply of Richards Bay, is a popular tourist attraction offering visitors the chance to view Nile crocodiles and hippos as well as over 350 species of birds, making it a bird watcher's paradise. Richards Bay's surrounds have vast expanses of untouched and unspoiled indigenous vegetation as well as natural lakes and marshes, making it one of the most picturesque tourist destinations in the country.
Climate
Climate conditions in Richards Bay are typically subtropical to tropical with summer temperatures all year round. The average daily temperature in summer is 82ºF (28ºC) and in winter 72º F (22ºC). The humidity levels tend to be very high and the annual rainfall is 47.2 inches (1200mm).
Transkei
The Transkei (meaning 'across the Kei') is a region situated roughly between East London and Durban in the Eastern Cape, bordered by the Great Kei River in the south and the Umtamvuna River near Port Edward in the north.
Characterised by green rolling hills scattered with round thatched huts, and a stunning coastline, the ruggedly beautiful Transkei region has become increasingly attractive to tourists seeking an unspoiled experience of South Africa, a far cry from the many westernised luxuries that can be found throughout most of the country. The Wild Coast is perhaps the most visited part, with stretches of golden beach sprinkled with shells, overlooked by traditional Xhosa villages set amid the green hills, and punctuated by rough potholed roads.
Coffee Bay and Port St John's are the two main tourist towns and have become a haven for independent travelers and backpackers. Hole-in-the-Wall close to Coffee Bay is a popular attraction, a geographical marvel where the sea has pounded a tunnel through a huge rock in the sea.
Historically, the Transkei was one of the homelands created by the Apartheid government to be set aside for black, Xhosa-speaking South Africans until it became an independent state in 1976 with Umtata (Mthatha) as the capital. Today the only reason to visit Umtata is to see the Nelson Mandela Museum that showcases his life in photos and displays. Just to the north the little town of Qunu lays its claim to fame as the birthplace of Mandela.
Climate
The Transkei's climate is subtropical with plenty of rainfall during the summer months and hot, humid weather. Winter weather is dry and mild. Average daytime temperatures during the summer from November to March range from 70F to 79F (21C to 26C). The coldest time of the year is at night during the winter months when the temperature drops to around 50F (10C).
Pretoria
Pretoria is affectionately known as the Jacaranda City due to its profusion of purple-colored trees that blossom in spring. It is located 56 miles (90km) from Johannesburg, although this drive can take up to two hours in the infamous traffic between the two cities. Pretoria is South Africa's administrative capital and one of the country's more attractive cities, its relatively green and picturesque urban center forming a stark contrast to its much more chaotic neighbor of Johannesburg. Pretoria was founded in 1955 and named after Andries Pretorius, the boerleader at the Battle of Blood River where the Voortrekkersdefeated the Zulus under King Dingaan. But since 1994, the city's Jacaranda tree-lined streets are better known as the administrative capital of South Africa, and as home to the iconic Union Buildings where Nelson Mandela was sworn in as the country's first democratically elected president. Pretoria may not be one of South Africa's most popular tourist destinations, but it makes a fantastic base for a multitude of sightseeing opportunities. Offering some unique attractions such as the historic Voortrekker Monument, the South African National Zoological Gardens, one of the world's first-class zoos, and the nearby town of Cullinan where the discovery of the world's largest diamond took place, Pretoria offers visitors a unique glimpse into a city brimming with history and simultaneously embracing its cultural changes.
Drakensberg Mountains
The jagged peaks of the Drakensberg (Dragon Mountains) tower over the eastern border of Kwa-Zulu Natal with Lesotho, providing a paradise for outdoor enthusiasts. The mountains abound with hiking trails, climbing routes, 4x4 trails, pony treks and adventure pursuits, all accessible from numerous resorts in the lower reaches.
Though home to a few luxury resorts and small towns, the region is largely untamed, and criss-crossed by lengths of rugged dirt roads. The only road that breaches the mountain range and crosses the border to Lesotho is the hair-raising Sani Pass, which is topped by the highest pub in Africa.
The mountain range is a popular getaway for Johannesburg and Durban residents, offering plenty of opportunities for hiking, rock climbing, golf, horseback riding, fishing, and even hot air ballooning. If relaxation is what you're after however, you can simply enjoy the stunning views provided by the peaks and valleys and their waterfalls, caves, streams, and rock pools. Several locations, including Giant's Castle, feature ancient rock paintings left by the San people on cave walls.
Whether you venture north to the highest peaks of Mont-Aux-Sources, Cathedral Peak, and the Amphitheater; or amuse yourself in the foothills to the south, a vacation in the Drakensberg Mountains offer fun and relaxation for everyone.
Cape Winelands
The extensive and verdant beauty of the Winelands region is one of the Cape's most alluring attractions. No visit to Cape Town would be complete without having taken the time to explore at least one of the 13 wine routes in what is the largest wine-producing area in the Western Cape.
Rugged, blue-tinged mountains surround the green valleys dotted with charming, historic towns among vineyards and olive groves, where visitors can admire traditional Cape Dutch architecture, sip world-class wines and soak up the rich cultural and historical heritage. Stellenbosch, Franschhoek and Paarl are the most well known wine-producing valleys in the region, situated within easy reach of each other, while the oldest wine farm in South Africa, Groot Constantia, is located within the Mother City itself, and is part of the tiny Constantia wine route, which was developed by Simon van der Stel in the late 1600s. Other smaller wine routes include Worcester, Tulbagh, Wellington and Somerset West. With a selection of more than 200 cellars to choose from, the Cape Winelands boast some of the finest wines in the world.
In addition to savouring the fruits of the vine, visitors can sample superb culinary fare at some of the finest restaurants in the country, browse the art galleries and local craft shops, visit historic monuments and museums, and partake in an array of activities from walking, horse riding and fly-fishing to golf and paragliding. Food and wine festivals take place throughout the year and are a great introduction to the bewitching charms of the region.
Climate
The Cape Winelands experience a Mediterranean climate with weather in summer being hot and dry and winter being cold and wet. The winter months, between May and August, experience heavy rains, strong north-westerly winds and low temperatures. There is even occasional snow on the surrounding mountains. The summer months are characterized by warm, dry days with little wind in Cape Winelands. The daily temperature in towns such as Paarl and Stellenbosch can soar up to 100°F (38°C) during the hottest months of January to March. The best time to enjoy the winelands is between the months of October and February when temperatures are cooler and the heat is bearable, while the winter months provide a cosier alternative.
Cape Town
The lure of a holiday in Cape Town lies in its spectacular setting and the beauty of its natural environment, as well as the rich cultural diversity of its people.
It has had a long and turbulent history, and the effects of Apartheid still linger in the minds and hearts of the people. Transformation, however, has led to a feeling of hope in this new 'Rainbow Nation', which can be experienced in the cosmopolitan city center of Cape Town. Flower sellers, business executives, parking attendants, office workers and shoppers all rub shoulders in a setting of both historical and modern buildings, backed by the city's most famous landmark, Table Mountain. The colorful Malay Quarter, the remains of District Six, St George's Cathedral, Government Avenue and the old Castle are historically significant, while world-class African and international restaurants tempt travelers with their culinary delights. Although an African city, Cape Town has a marked European influence and visitors can experience the excitement of Africa from the comforts of First World surroundings.
Cape Town's unique setting means that it can be enjoyed from various vantage points: Table Mountain, Lion's Head, and Signal Hill provide breathtaking vistas over the city bowl and the Cape peninsula with its beautiful beaches; trips to Robben Island offer a dramatic sweep of scenery across to Table Bay; and harbor tours and old buildings await exploration at the cosmopolitan Waterfront. Many scenic routes meander along magnificent stretches of coastline and inland terrain leading to special places like Cape Point, the meeting place of the cold Benguela and warm Mozambique currents; and Chapman's Peak, which boasts one of the most picturesque drives in the country.
It is a city with four distinct seasons, each working its particular magic on Cape Town and bringing with it a flood of associations - summer and white sandy beaches, autumn's crisp colors, the ferocity of stormy seas in winter, and spring's show of Cape fynbosflowers.
This vast combination of culture, history and scenery leads to an unforgettable experience. This is a special place with much to contribute towards its growing reputation as a favored travel destination.
Garden Route
The stretch of southern coastline between the town of Heidelberg and the Tsitsikamma National Park makes up South Africa's well-traveled 'Garden Route', scattered with popular resort towns. The coastal plain is backed by spectacular mountain ranges, offering scenic lakes, indigenous forests, golden beaches and secluded bays.
The main town on the route is George, which is a bustling commercial center with some good hotels making it a good central point from which to explore the coastal region. From George it is also a short drive inland over the Outeniqua Mountains to Oudtshoorn, site of the world-renowned Cango Caves and home to several ostrich farms that welcome visitors to enjoy their entertaining and educational tours. Other popular vacation towns on the Garden Route include Mossel Bay and Plettenberg Bay.
Attractions along the Garden Route encompass a wide variety from historic sites to scenic vistas, and beaches to nature reserves. There are ample opportunities to interact with nature, and you may spot whales, dolphins, seals, baboons, and nearly 300 species of bird. To make the most of the area one needs to stray from the national N2 highway and explore the towns, villages and resorts en route. A fun way of enjoying the scenery is to ride on the Outeniqua Choo-Choo vintage steam train between George and Knysna. There are also great recreational opportunities to enthrall active vacationers, from bungee jumping and water sports, to hiking trails and canopy tours.
Climate
The Garden Route has a maritime Mediterranean climate with hot summers and mild, winters with chilly nights. The area experiences the most rainfall in South Africa, but this mostly falls at night; the western half of the Garden Route has most rainfall in the winter months, while towards the east rain tends to fall predominantly during summer. Average temperatures from December to March are about 75-86ºF (24-30ºC), while winters average 64ºF (18ºC).
Port Elizabeth
The industrial city of Port Elizabeth is the center of the Eastern Cape region of South Africa, known in most tourist guides as 'settler country'. The city was founded by shiploads of British settler families who arrived in the Eastern Cape in the early 19th century, hoping to improve their prospects after suffering economic hardship because of the industrial revolution at home. The settlers also intended to strengthen defenses against the local Xhosa people, who had been pushed back beyond the Fish River frontier. They came ashore at Algoa Bay, where there was nothing more than the small British Fort Frederick to welcome them.
The city, from its humble beginnings, has grown into a principal port and manufacturing center. Although it is very much a working town with a large indigent population living in the outlying township areas, Port Elizabeth draws plenty of tourists because of its proximity to the attractions of the east coast and historically interesting interior. The city is justifiably known as 'the friendly city' and Algoa Bay boasts 25 miles (40km) of beautiful sandy beaches lapped by the warm waters of the Indian Ocean. The attractive beachfront is the venue for the annual 'Splash' festival and world boardsailing championships, and features a long promenade and pier full of tourist facilities. Port Elizabeth has a few museums and a small oceanarium, as well as the Nelson Mandela Stadium, which was built for the 2010 World Cup and dominates the cityscape. The nearby Donkin Reserve provides a pleasant day trip as do Seaview Game and Lion Park and the Kragga Kamma Game Park, and slightly further afield visitors can see the 'Big Five' at Shamwari Game Reserve, Amakhala Game Reserve, and Addo Elephant Park.
Durban
Delightful Durban is the largest city of the vast and varied KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. A coastal port with a more than equable sub-tropical climate and wide golden beaches washed by the warm Indian Ocean, Durban is a holidaymaker's paradise and gateway to the dozens of seaside resort towns of the coast to the south and north of the city. The 'Golden Mile' central beach area, flanked by numerous high-rise hotels, stretches for four miles (6km) and is fronted by promenades and entertainment facilities with many things to see and do, such as a skatepark, flea markets and colorful traditionally clad Zulu rickshaw pullers.
Although much of Durban is characterized by British colonial heritage and beautiful Art Deco architecture, the city is actually an exciting mix of cultures. There is a large Indian community, descendants of indentured laborers who came to work on the Natal sugar estates in the 1850s, and who provide the city with an intoxicating oriental flavor enhanced by their shrines, bazaars and tantalizing curry restaurants. There are also the Zulu people, whose proud warrior ancestors inhabited the province before the coming of the European colonial powers. The heritage of the amaZulu is very evident in the region north of the Tugela River, known as Zululand, where the legendary King Shaka once ruled supreme and today is where most of KwaZulu-Natal's best game parks are to be found.
Durban is the gateway not only to the coastal beach resorts of the province, but also to the rolling hills and plains of the Natal Midlands and their backdrop: the majestic, jagged peaks of the Drakensberg Mountains, which border the province in the west and cradle the nearby mountain kingdom of Lesotho.
Johannesburg
The capital of South Africa's smallest province, Gauteng, Johannesburg is the economic powerhouse of Africa with its ever-growing suburban sprawl creeping outwards from the central city skyscrapers and ring-road motorways.
The more than 10-million inhabitants live fast and have a restless spirit, which they have imparted into the fabric of the city, also known by its African name as Egoli, 'the place of gold'. The development of the city, which is just over a century old, has followed the fortunes of the Witwatersrand (White Water Reef), the rich gold-bearing rock reef that stretches across this area of central South Africa. The initial gold rush started in the 1880s, and barely ten years later Johannesburg had become South Africa's largest town and the site of frenzied development that has been ongoing ever since.
Johannesburg today is a city of contrasts, with glass-paned modern luxury high-rises towering beside a few remaining dilapidated Victorian buildings, and affluent northern suburbs with stunning private homes behind high fences giving way to the squalid streets and tiny shoebox houses of the massive Soweto township in the south. The chasm between rich and poor in the city has given rise to a high crime rate, evidenced by the fortress-like security that pervades the wealthier suburbs.
Most visitors to South Africa, particularly those intent on exploring the game reserves of Mpumalanga, arrive at Johannesburg's busy OR Tambo International Airport, which is the main point of entry for the country. There is little in Johannesburg itself to grab the attention of tourists, but a few days can be filled taking in some entertaining man-made attractions before heading off to the game parks of the northeast or the coastal regions. The most interesting diversion in Johannesburg is undoubtedly a 'Heritage Route' or 'Shebeen Crawl' tour of Soweto, but take care only to venture into the maze of the township with an organized tour or professional guide.
Mpumalanga
Mpumalanga, meaning 'land of the rising sun', is a province rich in wildlife, African culture, pioneer history and natural beauty. Situated in the east of the country, north of KwaZulu-Natal, it borders Swaziland and Mozambique and encompasses the southern section of the world-renowned Kruger National Park.
Mpumalanga is 'Big Game Country', and the Lowveld is the setting for dozens of private game reserves and luxury lodges that abound in bird and animal life. Nelspruit is the capital and gateway to the province, situated two hundred miles (325km) east of Johannesburg, and is South Africa's fastest growing city with a vibrant Central Business District. Although not much of a tourist attraction in itself, Nelspruit is situated in the heart of a region rich in natural attractions, which makes it a favorite jumping off point for exploring the Lowveld area. The city's train station and airport welcome travelers several times a day, most of whom are en route to the Kruger National Park, whose southern Malelane Gate is about 40 miles (63km) from Nelspruit.
It is not only those interested in safaris that come to Mpumalanga, however. Besides wonderful opportunities for bird watching and game viewing, the area is also scenically beautiful with its mountains, valleys, waterfalls, canyons and panoramic passes. Mpumalanga's lack of development means more space for its natural finery, which is particularly evident along its scenic meander known as the Panorama Route that takes in spectacular sights along the eastern slopes of the escarpment such as the Blyde River Canyon and God's Window, as well as lesser-known vistas like Bourke's Luck Potholes, Wonder View and the Three Rondavels. The little town of Pilgrim's Rest is a popular attraction for those interested in the history of the 1870s gold rush, while streams that once held the promise of gold are now a haven for trout and fly-fishermen, particularly near the town of Dullstroom. The region is also home to the Ndebele people, famous for their beadwork and uniquely painted houses.
Climate
Mpumalanga is a summer rainfall area and has a subtropical climate with hot summers and mild winters. The highveld region to the west experiences more extreme temperatures and is hotter in summer, colder in winter and generally drier than the rest of the province. The lowveld, which includes Nelspruit the provincial capital, has hot summer days and warm nights, with warm, sunny days in winter and cold nights.
Kruger National Park
The Kruger National Park is South Africa's oldest, largest and best-known wildlife conservation area, home to a huge variety of wildlife and most famous for its 'Big Five' viewing opportunities. Visitors have an excellent chance of seeing lion, elephant, leopard, buffalo and rhino among the enormous variety of wildlife, including over 140 species of mammals, 500 species of birds, reptiles and amphibians.
The park had its beginnings in 1898, when President Paul Kruger established a protected area for wildlife after hunters came close to wiping out the rich game of the region. The Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902) stopped further progress until the development of the Sabie Game Reserve by the British, which later expanded into today's Kruger Park. The park was opened to visitors in 1927, and at present stretches for 236 miles (350km) from the Crocodile River in the south up to the Limpopo River, and is about 40 miles (65km) wide; roughly the size of Israel.
Situated on South Africa's north eastern border, Kruger is a primary destination for international tourists, and is visited by more than half a million local and international people every year who are attracted by the different safari options as well as the park's excellent range of visitor facilities and choice of accommodation, from luxurious game lodges to cottages and camping. The park is criss-crossed by over a thousand miles of roads and offers excellent opportunities for self-drive safaris as well as guided drives. Bush walks with armed and experienced rangers offer a more thrilling safari option where animals like lion and elephant are tracked through the bush on foot. Visitors may only traverse the park between sunrise and sunset; when darkness descends it is best to be safe in a fenced rest camp. The park has other restrictions that must be adhered to, such as a total ban on pets and firearms, and strict regulations on where visitors may get out of their cars. Visitors should also be aware that Kruger is a malaria zone.
This vast sanctuary is a must-see for every visitor to the country. The south is teeming with wildlife and as a result is the most popular area, while the remote northern region is little visited by game or people, but provides some of the best birding opportunities in southern Africa as well as an abundance of historic iron-age and Bushmen (San) sites. Rivers interrupt the extensive grassy plains towards the center of the park, and the region provides an excellent setting for predators and birdlife.
Climate
Kruger's subtropical climate means hot, wet summers and warm, dry winters. Summer temperatures between October and March can climb to 104°F (40°C), while daytime winter temperatures from June to August are much more pleasant at around 79° F (26°C), but nights are cold. Game viewing is best in winter.
Battlefields
Zululand, ancestral home of the Zulu people and site of many a bloody battle between the British, the Boers and the Zulus during the 19th century, abounds in significant towns, memorials and battle sites that form part of the historic Battlefields Route. This land once encompassed the Zulu kingdom led by legendary Shaka Zulu, and then by his half-brother Dingaan, who clashed with both the English and Afrikaaner settlers in what are today recorded as some of the most important battles in South African history.
Over a period of about 70 years, the plains, rolling hills and river valleys saw numerous brutal, blood-soaked conflicts over land ownership, political independence and the desire for colonial domination. The first major battle, and one of the most terrible, took place in 1838 between the Voortrekkers and the Zulus in what became known as the Battle of Blood River. Then followed the Anglo-Zulu War in 1879 in response to British dissatisfaction regarding the increasing strength of the Zulus, and the battles that took place at Isandlwana Hill and Rorke's Drift are remarkable for their tales of heroism and brutality. In 1880 and again in 1889, anti-British sentiment among the disgruntled Voortrekkers, as well as a desire for Afrikaaner independence, led to the two Anglo-Boer wars that captured the attention of the world and resulted in heavy loss of life among both the Boers and the British. The devastating siege of Ladysmith and the Battle of Spioenkop are among the most famous battles that took place during the second Anglo-Boer War from 1889 to 1902.
The Battlefields Route covers 14 historical towns, including Ladysmith and Dundee, numerous national monuments and informative museums, and over 50 battlefields in the surrounding countryside, which are best explored as a self-drive adventure or as part of a tour. Every town on the route has a story to tell or an event to commemorate and tourism offices throughout the region provide maps and guides to assist visitors in making the most of the history, culture, scenery and wildlife.
Kimberley
Capital of the Northern Cape Province, Kimberley is best known for its Big Hole, a legacy from the diamond rush in the area in 1871. Kimberley began as a town named New Rush, which formed around the hill where a 83.50 carat (16.7g) diamond was found; as miners arrived in their thousands the hill gradually disappeared and became known as the Kimberley Mine or 'Big Hole', the largest hand-dug excavation in the world. The Big Hole reached a depth of 787ft (240m) and yielded three tons (2,722kg) of diamonds until its closure in 1914.
The growing metropolis became the first city in the southern hemisphere to install electric street lighting and was home to the country's first stock exchange and flying school. Kimberley's prosperity has continued into the 21st century and the thriving city is rich in history. Most of the city's opulent lifestyle and characteristic Victorian architecture can be seen in the historical suburb of Belgravia, and it also offers visitors many museums as well as one of South Africa's most important art galleries. Kimberley's biggest attraction is still the Big Hole, however, and visitors can visit the informative museum, which recounts the tale of the diamond rush and offers an insight into the lives of those who lived and worked in the area.
Climate
Kimberley's climate is typical of desert and semi-desert areas. Summers are hot and winters mild, but with cold nights. January is the hottest month with temperatures averaging 91-97°F (33-36°C), while winter temperatures average 64ºF (18ºC). Annual rainfall is unreliable and occurs mainly during the hot summer months in the form of thunderstorms.
East London
Gateway to the Wild Coast, East London is a small, friendly city on the Indian Ocean where activities like surfing, fishing and golf take precedence. The city center branches out into business parks, malls and suburbs set in subtropical vegetation, which are dissected by a myriad of rivers such as the Buffalo and Nahoon, whose wide banks meander lazily into the ocean, offering locals excellent fishing, rowing and cruising opportunities.
Formerly a British fort, the city can easily be explored on foot. There are many attractions such as the East London Museum that houses the prehistoric coelacanth and the city hall that should not be missed. It is best for visitors to have a car so that they can access various attractions dotted on the outskirts such as Steve Biko's grave, the aquarium, the harbor which is the only river port in the southern hemisphere, and the superb seafood restaurants that line the beachfront.
It takes only 20 minutes from the bustle of this small city to one of the tranquil and isolated holiday villages on the coast where rolling hills of indigenous vegetation are met by long expanses of untouched beaches. Here visitors can go horse riding on the shore, visit the Gonubie Nature Reserve that has over 150 different bird species or stay at the Inkwenkwezi Private Game Reserve where the remarkable Big Five can be seen.
Climate
East London is a sunny city that experiences hot summers and moderate winters. Temperatures in summer can reach over 86°F (30°C) and rainfall is usually in the spring and autumn months.
Bloemfontein
Known as the 'City of Roses', Bloemfontein is a small interior city that forms the economic and cultural center of the Free State and is the judicial capital of South Africa. With wide streets, beautifully kept gardens and dated state buildings, Bloemfontein is a modern city that has an old charm about it.
Surrounded by rural farmland for many miles in every direction, the metropolis is the central transport hub for the rest of the country and is visited mainly as a stopover to other destinations. While visiting, take a stroll down the historical, tree lined President Brand street, which has been declared a national conservation area and admire the architecture of the sandstone government buildings. One of the major centers of activity in Bloemfontein is the man-made Loch Logan Waterfront, which offers a range of shops, restaurants, bars and clubs and is the place to be after dark.
The Oliewenhuis Art Gallery is also a worthy sojourn as it houses magnificent work by both traditional and contemporary South African artists. The monthly art market in Kings Park, the annual Rose Festival in October and the Agricultural show in March all pull crowds from around South Africa and visiting tourists.
There are a number of reserves in the area, including Caledon, Franklin, Soetdoring Dam, and others. Bloemfontein also has several good golf courses, and a zoo that the kids will enjoy while Dad is on the links. Be sure to have visit the beautiful Free State National Botanical Gardens; and have a look at the Free State Stadium, the largest structure in town, that hosted five games for the 2010 World Cup.
Richards Bay
Richards Bay is one of South Africa's biggest ports, boasting the largest export coal terminal in the world that loads 66 million tons every year, and is situated on the 12 square mile (30 sq km) lagoon of the Mhlatuze River. It began as a makeshift harbor that was set up during the Anglo-Boer War of 1879 and is named after its founder, Sir Frederick Richards. The specialized ships that call are a must-see for maritime buffs. The town is a bustling business center featuring every modern facility and offers plenty of recreational facilities for visitors.
Besides the rapid industrial expansion, Richards Bay's tourism industry is thriving and it is fast becoming a popular north coast vacation destination, with spectacular scenery on offer and pristine golden beaches gently lapped by the warm waters of the Indian Ocean. It is a popular kite-surfing destination, as the area has good consistent winds blowing from the north-east, and highly ranked kite-surfers are regular visitors to this town. Tourists can enjoy plenty of other adventurous activities such as fishing, yachting and kayaking. Humpback dolphins and whales are frequent visitors to the waters around Richards Bay and can be viewed from a specially erected viewing point at Alkantstrand Beach.
While the town itself is notoriously sleepy, Richards Bay offers tourists entrance to the once forgotten corner of Africa that is Zululand, a place of exquisite beauty and diversity. A multitude of game reserves are within an hour or two's drive of Richards Bay. Hluhluwe Umfolozi Park is a must-see for nature lovers, featuring the 'big five' (elephants, lions, leopards, buffalo and rhinos) as well as cheetahs, wild dogs and nyala. Lake Mzingazi, the primary water supply of Richards Bay, is a popular tourist attraction offering visitors the chance to view Nile crocodiles and hippos as well as over 350 species of birds, making it a bird watcher's paradise. Richards Bay's surrounds have vast expanses of untouched and unspoiled indigenous vegetation as well as natural lakes and marshes, making it one of the most picturesque tourist destinations in the country.
Climate
Climate conditions in Richards Bay are typically subtropical to tropical with summer temperatures all year round. The average daily temperature in summer is 82ºF (28ºC) and in winter 72º F (22ºC). The humidity levels tend to be very high and the annual rainfall is 47.2 inches (1200mm).
Transkei
The Transkei (meaning 'across the Kei') is a region situated roughly between East London and Durban in the Eastern Cape, bordered by the Great Kei River in the south and the Umtamvuna River near Port Edward in the north.
Characterised by green rolling hills scattered with round thatched huts, and a stunning coastline, the ruggedly beautiful Transkei region has become increasingly attractive to tourists seeking an unspoiled experience of South Africa, a far cry from the many westernised luxuries that can be found throughout most of the country. The Wild Coast is perhaps the most visited part, with stretches of golden beach sprinkled with shells, overlooked by traditional Xhosa villages set amid the green hills, and punctuated by rough potholed roads.
Coffee Bay and Port St John's are the two main tourist towns and have become a haven for independent travelers and backpackers. Hole-in-the-Wall close to Coffee Bay is a popular attraction, a geographical marvel where the sea has pounded a tunnel through a huge rock in the sea.
Historically, the Transkei was one of the homelands created by the Apartheid government to be set aside for black, Xhosa-speaking South Africans until it became an independent state in 1976 with Umtata (Mthatha) as the capital. Today the only reason to visit Umtata is to see the Nelson Mandela Museum that showcases his life in photos and displays. Just to the north the little town of Qunu lays its claim to fame as the birthplace of Mandela.
Climate
The Transkei's climate is subtropical with plenty of rainfall during the summer months and hot, humid weather. Winter weather is dry and mild. Average daytime temperatures during the summer from November to March range from 70F to 79F (21C to 26C). The coldest time of the year is at night during the winter months when the temperature drops to around 50F (10C).
Pretoria
Pretoria is affectionately known as the Jacaranda City due to its profusion of purple-colored trees that blossom in spring. It is located 56 miles (90km) from Johannesburg, although this drive can take up to two hours in the infamous traffic between the two cities. Pretoria is South Africa's administrative capital and one of the country's more attractive cities, its relatively green and picturesque urban center forming a stark contrast to its much more chaotic neighbor of Johannesburg. Pretoria was founded in 1955 and named after Andries Pretorius, the boerleader at the Battle of Blood River where the Voortrekkersdefeated the Zulus under King Dingaan. But since 1994, the city's Jacaranda tree-lined streets are better known as the administrative capital of South Africa, and as home to the iconic Union Buildings where Nelson Mandela was sworn in as the country's first democratically elected president. Pretoria may not be one of South Africa's most popular tourist destinations, but it makes a fantastic base for a multitude of sightseeing opportunities. Offering some unique attractions such as the historic Voortrekker Monument, the South African National Zoological Gardens, one of the world's first-class zoos, and the nearby town of Cullinan where the discovery of the world's largest diamond took place, Pretoria offers visitors a unique glimpse into a city brimming with history and simultaneously embracing its cultural changes.
Drakensberg Mountains
The jagged peaks of the Drakensberg (Dragon Mountains) tower over the eastern border of Kwa-Zulu Natal with Lesotho, providing a paradise for outdoor enthusiasts. The mountains abound with hiking trails, climbing routes, 4x4 trails, pony treks and adventure pursuits, all accessible from numerous resorts in the lower reaches.
Though home to a few luxury resorts and small towns, the region is largely untamed, and criss-crossed by lengths of rugged dirt roads. The only road that breaches the mountain range and crosses the border to Lesotho is the hair-raising Sani Pass, which is topped by the highest pub in Africa.
The mountain range is a popular getaway for Johannesburg and Durban residents, offering plenty of opportunities for hiking, rock climbing, golf, horseback riding, fishing, and even hot air ballooning. If relaxation is what you're after however, you can simply enjoy the stunning views provided by the peaks and valleys and their waterfalls, caves, streams, and rock pools. Several locations, including Giant's Castle, feature ancient rock paintings left by the San people on cave walls.
Whether you venture north to the highest peaks of Mont-Aux-Sources, Cathedral Peak, and the Amphitheater; or amuse yourself in the foothills to the south, a vacation in the Drakensberg Mountains offer fun and relaxation for everyone.
Cape Winelands
The extensive and verdant beauty of the Winelands region is one of the Cape's most alluring attractions. No visit to Cape Town would be complete without having taken the time to explore at least one of the 13 wine routes in what is the largest wine-producing area in the Western Cape.
Rugged, blue-tinged mountains surround the green valleys dotted with charming, historic towns among vineyards and olive groves, where visitors can admire traditional Cape Dutch architecture, sip world-class wines and soak up the rich cultural and historical heritage. Stellenbosch, Franschhoek and Paarl are the most well known wine-producing valleys in the region, situated within easy reach of each other, while the oldest wine farm in South Africa, Groot Constantia, is located within the Mother City itself, and is part of the tiny Constantia wine route, which was developed by Simon van der Stel in the late 1600s. Other smaller wine routes include Worcester, Tulbagh, Wellington and Somerset West. With a selection of more than 200 cellars to choose from, the Cape Winelands boast some of the finest wines in the world.
In addition to savouring the fruits of the vine, visitors can sample superb culinary fare at some of the finest restaurants in the country, browse the art galleries and local craft shops, visit historic monuments and museums, and partake in an array of activities from walking, horse riding and fly-fishing to golf and paragliding. Food and wine festivals take place throughout the year and are a great introduction to the bewitching charms of the region.
Climate
The Cape Winelands experience a Mediterranean climate with weather in summer being hot and dry and winter being cold and wet. The winter months, between May and August, experience heavy rains, strong north-westerly winds and low temperatures. There is even occasional snow on the surrounding mountains. The summer months are characterized by warm, dry days with little wind in Cape Winelands. The daily temperature in towns such as Paarl and Stellenbosch can soar up to 100°F (38°C) during the hottest months of January to March. The best time to enjoy the winelands is between the months of October and February when temperatures are cooler and the heat is bearable, while the winter months provide a cosier alternative.
Cape Town
The lure of a holiday in Cape Town lies in its spectacular setting and the beauty of its natural environment, as well as the rich cultural diversity of its people.
It has had a long and turbulent history, and the effects of Apartheid still linger in the minds and hearts of the people. Transformation, however, has led to a feeling of hope in this new 'Rainbow Nation', which can be experienced in the cosmopolitan city center of Cape Town. Flower sellers, business executives, parking attendants, office workers and shoppers all rub shoulders in a setting of both historical and modern buildings, backed by the city's most famous landmark, Table Mountain. The colorful Malay Quarter, the remains of District Six, St George's Cathedral, Government Avenue and the old Castle are historically significant, while world-class African and international restaurants tempt travelers with their culinary delights. Although an African city, Cape Town has a marked European influence and visitors can experience the excitement of Africa from the comforts of First World surroundings.
Cape Town's unique setting means that it can be enjoyed from various vantage points: Table Mountain, Lion's Head, and Signal Hill provide breathtaking vistas over the city bowl and the Cape peninsula with its beautiful beaches; trips to Robben Island offer a dramatic sweep of scenery across to Table Bay; and harbor tours and old buildings await exploration at the cosmopolitan Waterfront. Many scenic routes meander along magnificent stretches of coastline and inland terrain leading to special places like Cape Point, the meeting place of the cold Benguela and warm Mozambique currents; and Chapman's Peak, which boasts one of the most picturesque drives in the country.
It is a city with four distinct seasons, each working its particular magic on Cape Town and bringing with it a flood of associations - summer and white sandy beaches, autumn's crisp colors, the ferocity of stormy seas in winter, and spring's show of Cape fynbosflowers.
This vast combination of culture, history and scenery leads to an unforgettable experience. This is a special place with much to contribute towards its growing reputation as a favored travel destination.
Garden Route
The stretch of southern coastline between the town of Heidelberg and the Tsitsikamma National Park makes up South Africa's well-traveled 'Garden Route', scattered with popular resort towns. The coastal plain is backed by spectacular mountain ranges, offering scenic lakes, indigenous forests, golden beaches and secluded bays.
The main town on the route is George, which is a bustling commercial center with some good hotels making it a good central point from which to explore the coastal region. From George it is also a short drive inland over the Outeniqua Mountains to Oudtshoorn, site of the world-renowned Cango Caves and home to several ostrich farms that welcome visitors to enjoy their entertaining and educational tours. Other popular vacation towns on the Garden Route include Mossel Bay and Plettenberg Bay.
Attractions along the Garden Route encompass a wide variety from historic sites to scenic vistas, and beaches to nature reserves. There are ample opportunities to interact with nature, and you may spot whales, dolphins, seals, baboons, and nearly 300 species of bird. To make the most of the area one needs to stray from the national N2 highway and explore the towns, villages and resorts en route. A fun way of enjoying the scenery is to ride on the Outeniqua Choo-Choo vintage steam train between George and Knysna. There are also great recreational opportunities to enthrall active vacationers, from bungee jumping and water sports, to hiking trails and canopy tours.
Climate
The Garden Route has a maritime Mediterranean climate with hot summers and mild, winters with chilly nights. The area experiences the most rainfall in South Africa, but this mostly falls at night; the western half of the Garden Route has most rainfall in the winter months, while towards the east rain tends to fall predominantly during summer. Average temperatures from December to March are about 75-86ºF (24-30ºC), while winters average 64ºF (18ºC).
Port Elizabeth
The industrial city of Port Elizabeth is the center of the Eastern Cape region of South Africa, known in most tourist guides as 'settler country'. The city was founded by shiploads of British settler families who arrived in the Eastern Cape in the early 19th century, hoping to improve their prospects after suffering economic hardship because of the industrial revolution at home. The settlers also intended to strengthen defenses against the local Xhosa people, who had been pushed back beyond the Fish River frontier. They came ashore at Algoa Bay, where there was nothing more than the small British Fort Frederick to welcome them.
The city, from its humble beginnings, has grown into a principal port and manufacturing center. Although it is very much a working town with a large indigent population living in the outlying township areas, Port Elizabeth draws plenty of tourists because of its proximity to the attractions of the east coast and historically interesting interior. The city is justifiably known as 'the friendly city' and Algoa Bay boasts 25 miles (40km) of beautiful sandy beaches lapped by the warm waters of the Indian Ocean. The attractive beachfront is the venue for the annual 'Splash' festival and world boardsailing championships, and features a long promenade and pier full of tourist facilities. Port Elizabeth has a few museums and a small oceanarium, as well as the Nelson Mandela Stadium, which was built for the 2010 World Cup and dominates the cityscape. The nearby Donkin Reserve provides a pleasant day trip as do Seaview Game and Lion Park and the Kragga Kamma Game Park, and slightly further afield visitors can see the 'Big Five' at Shamwari Game Reserve, Amakhala Game Reserve, and Addo Elephant Park.
Durban
Delightful Durban is the largest city of the vast and varied KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. A coastal port with a more than equable sub-tropical climate and wide golden beaches washed by the warm Indian Ocean, Durban is a holidaymaker's paradise and gateway to the dozens of seaside resort towns of the coast to the south and north of the city. The 'Golden Mile' central beach area, flanked by numerous high-rise hotels, stretches for four miles (6km) and is fronted by promenades and entertainment facilities with many things to see and do, such as a skatepark, flea markets and colorful traditionally clad Zulu rickshaw pullers.
Although much of Durban is characterized by British colonial heritage and beautiful Art Deco architecture, the city is actually an exciting mix of cultures. There is a large Indian community, descendants of indentured laborers who came to work on the Natal sugar estates in the 1850s, and who provide the city with an intoxicating oriental flavor enhanced by their shrines, bazaars and tantalizing curry restaurants. There are also the Zulu people, whose proud warrior ancestors inhabited the province before the coming of the European colonial powers. The heritage of the amaZulu is very evident in the region north of the Tugela River, known as Zululand, where the legendary King Shaka once ruled supreme and today is where most of KwaZulu-Natal's best game parks are to be found.
Durban is the gateway not only to the coastal beach resorts of the province, but also to the rolling hills and plains of the Natal Midlands and their backdrop: the majestic, jagged peaks of the Drakensberg Mountains, which border the province in the west and cradle the nearby mountain kingdom of Lesotho.
Johannesburg
The capital of South Africa's smallest province, Gauteng, Johannesburg is the economic powerhouse of Africa with its ever-growing suburban sprawl creeping outwards from the central city skyscrapers and ring-road motorways.
The more than 10-million inhabitants live fast and have a restless spirit, which they have imparted into the fabric of the city, also known by its African name as Egoli, 'the place of gold'. The development of the city, which is just over a century old, has followed the fortunes of the Witwatersrand (White Water Reef), the rich gold-bearing rock reef that stretches across this area of central South Africa. The initial gold rush started in the 1880s, and barely ten years later Johannesburg had become South Africa's largest town and the site of frenzied development that has been ongoing ever since.
Johannesburg today is a city of contrasts, with glass-paned modern luxury high-rises towering beside a few remaining dilapidated Victorian buildings, and affluent northern suburbs with stunning private homes behind high fences giving way to the squalid streets and tiny shoebox houses of the massive Soweto township in the south. The chasm between rich and poor in the city has given rise to a high crime rate, evidenced by the fortress-like security that pervades the wealthier suburbs.
Most visitors to South Africa, particularly those intent on exploring the game reserves of Mpumalanga, arrive at Johannesburg's busy OR Tambo International Airport, which is the main point of entry for the country. There is little in Johannesburg itself to grab the attention of tourists, but a few days can be filled taking in some entertaining man-made attractions before heading off to the game parks of the northeast or the coastal regions. The most interesting diversion in Johannesburg is undoubtedly a 'Heritage Route' or 'Shebeen Crawl' tour of Soweto, but take care only to venture into the maze of the township with an organized tour or professional guide.
Mpumalanga
Mpumalanga, meaning 'land of the rising sun', is a province rich in wildlife, African culture, pioneer history and natural beauty. Situated in the east of the country, north of KwaZulu-Natal, it borders Swaziland and Mozambique and encompasses the southern section of the world-renowned Kruger National Park.
Mpumalanga is 'Big Game Country', and the Lowveld is the setting for dozens of private game reserves and luxury lodges that abound in bird and animal life. Nelspruit is the capital and gateway to the province, situated two hundred miles (325km) east of Johannesburg, and is South Africa's fastest growing city with a vibrant Central Business District. Although not much of a tourist attraction in itself, Nelspruit is situated in the heart of a region rich in natural attractions, which makes it a favorite jumping off point for exploring the Lowveld area. The city's train station and airport welcome travelers several times a day, most of whom are en route to the Kruger National Park, whose southern Malelane Gate is about 40 miles (63km) from Nelspruit.
It is not only those interested in safaris that come to Mpumalanga, however. Besides wonderful opportunities for bird watching and game viewing, the area is also scenically beautiful with its mountains, valleys, waterfalls, canyons and panoramic passes. Mpumalanga's lack of development means more space for its natural finery, which is particularly evident along its scenic meander known as the Panorama Route that takes in spectacular sights along the eastern slopes of the escarpment such as the Blyde River Canyon and God's Window, as well as lesser-known vistas like Bourke's Luck Potholes, Wonder View and the Three Rondavels. The little town of Pilgrim's Rest is a popular attraction for those interested in the history of the 1870s gold rush, while streams that once held the promise of gold are now a haven for trout and fly-fishermen, particularly near the town of Dullstroom. The region is also home to the Ndebele people, famous for their beadwork and uniquely painted houses.
Climate
Mpumalanga is a summer rainfall area and has a subtropical climate with hot summers and mild winters. The highveld region to the west experiences more extreme temperatures and is hotter in summer, colder in winter and generally drier than the rest of the province. The lowveld, which includes Nelspruit the provincial capital, has hot summer days and warm nights, with warm, sunny days in winter and cold nights.
Kruger National Park
The Kruger National Park is South Africa's oldest, largest and best-known wildlife conservation area, home to a huge variety of wildlife and most famous for its 'Big Five' viewing opportunities. Visitors have an excellent chance of seeing lion, elephant, leopard, buffalo and rhino among the enormous variety of wildlife, including over 140 species of mammals, 500 species of birds, reptiles and amphibians.
The park had its beginnings in 1898, when President Paul Kruger established a protected area for wildlife after hunters came close to wiping out the rich game of the region. The Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902) stopped further progress until the development of the Sabie Game Reserve by the British, which later expanded into today's Kruger Park. The park was opened to visitors in 1927, and at present stretches for 236 miles (350km) from the Crocodile River in the south up to the Limpopo River, and is about 40 miles (65km) wide; roughly the size of Israel.
Situated on South Africa's north eastern border, Kruger is a primary destination for international tourists, and is visited by more than half a million local and international people every year who are attracted by the different safari options as well as the park's excellent range of visitor facilities and choice of accommodation, from luxurious game lodges to cottages and camping. The park is criss-crossed by over a thousand miles of roads and offers excellent opportunities for self-drive safaris as well as guided drives. Bush walks with armed and experienced rangers offer a more thrilling safari option where animals like lion and elephant are tracked through the bush on foot. Visitors may only traverse the park between sunrise and sunset; when darkness descends it is best to be safe in a fenced rest camp. The park has other restrictions that must be adhered to, such as a total ban on pets and firearms, and strict regulations on where visitors may get out of their cars. Visitors should also be aware that Kruger is a malaria zone.
This vast sanctuary is a must-see for every visitor to the country. The south is teeming with wildlife and as a result is the most popular area, while the remote northern region is little visited by game or people, but provides some of the best birding opportunities in southern Africa as well as an abundance of historic iron-age and Bushmen (San) sites. Rivers interrupt the extensive grassy plains towards the center of the park, and the region provides an excellent setting for predators and birdlife.
Climate
Kruger's subtropical climate means hot, wet summers and warm, dry winters. Summer temperatures between October and March can climb to 104°F (40°C), while daytime winter temperatures from June to August are much more pleasant at around 79° F (26°C), but nights are cold. Game viewing is best in winter.
Battlefields
Zululand, ancestral home of the Zulu people and site of many a bloody battle between the British, the Boers and the Zulus during the 19th century, abounds in significant towns, memorials and battle sites that form part of the historic Battlefields Route. This land once encompassed the Zulu kingdom led by legendary Shaka Zulu, and then by his half-brother Dingaan, who clashed with both the English and Afrikaaner settlers in what are today recorded as some of the most important battles in South African history.
Over a period of about 70 years, the plains, rolling hills and river valleys saw numerous brutal, blood-soaked conflicts over land ownership, political independence and the desire for colonial domination. The first major battle, and one of the most terrible, took place in 1838 between the Voortrekkers and the Zulus in what became known as the Battle of Blood River. Then followed the Anglo-Zulu War in 1879 in response to British dissatisfaction regarding the increasing strength of the Zulus, and the battles that took place at Isandlwana Hill and Rorke's Drift are remarkable for their tales of heroism and brutality. In 1880 and again in 1889, anti-British sentiment among the disgruntled Voortrekkers, as well as a desire for Afrikaaner independence, led to the two Anglo-Boer wars that captured the attention of the world and resulted in heavy loss of life among both the Boers and the British. The devastating siege of Ladysmith and the Battle of Spioenkop are among the most famous battles that took place during the second Anglo-Boer War from 1889 to 1902.
The Battlefields Route covers 14 historical towns, including Ladysmith and Dundee, numerous national monuments and informative museums, and over 50 battlefields in the surrounding countryside, which are best explored as a self-drive adventure or as part of a tour. Every town on the route has a story to tell or an event to commemorate and tourism offices throughout the region provide maps and guides to assist visitors in making the most of the history, culture, scenery and wildlife.
Kimberley
Capital of the Northern Cape Province, Kimberley is best known for its Big Hole, a legacy from the diamond rush in the area in 1871. Kimberley began as a town named New Rush, which formed around the hill where a 83.50 carat (16.7g) diamond was found; as miners arrived in their thousands the hill gradually disappeared and became known as the Kimberley Mine or 'Big Hole', the largest hand-dug excavation in the world. The Big Hole reached a depth of 787ft (240m) and yielded three tons (2,722kg) of diamonds until its closure in 1914.
The growing metropolis became the first city in the southern hemisphere to install electric street lighting and was home to the country's first stock exchange and flying school. Kimberley's prosperity has continued into the 21st century and the thriving city is rich in history. Most of the city's opulent lifestyle and characteristic Victorian architecture can be seen in the historical suburb of Belgravia, and it also offers visitors many museums as well as one of South Africa's most important art galleries. Kimberley's biggest attraction is still the Big Hole, however, and visitors can visit the informative museum, which recounts the tale of the diamond rush and offers an insight into the lives of those who lived and worked in the area.
Climate
Kimberley's climate is typical of desert and semi-desert areas. Summers are hot and winters mild, but with cold nights. January is the hottest month with temperatures averaging 91-97°F (33-36°C), while winter temperatures average 64ºF (18ºC). Annual rainfall is unreliable and occurs mainly during the hot summer months in the form of thunderstorms.
East London
Gateway to the Wild Coast, East London is a small, friendly city on the Indian Ocean where activities like surfing, fishing and golf take precedence. The city center branches out into business parks, malls and suburbs set in subtropical vegetation, which are dissected by a myriad of rivers such as the Buffalo and Nahoon, whose wide banks meander lazily into the ocean, offering locals excellent fishing, rowing and cruising opportunities.
Formerly a British fort, the city can easily be explored on foot. There are many attractions such as the East London Museum that houses the prehistoric coelacanth and the city hall that should not be missed. It is best for visitors to have a car so that they can access various attractions dotted on the outskirts such as Steve Biko's grave, the aquarium, the harbor which is the only river port in the southern hemisphere, and the superb seafood restaurants that line the beachfront.
It takes only 20 minutes from the bustle of this small city to one of the tranquil and isolated holiday villages on the coast where rolling hills of indigenous vegetation are met by long expanses of untouched beaches. Here visitors can go horse riding on the shore, visit the Gonubie Nature Reserve that has over 150 different bird species or stay at the Inkwenkwezi Private Game Reserve where the remarkable Big Five can be seen.
Climate
East London is a sunny city that experiences hot summers and moderate winters. Temperatures in summer can reach over 86°F (30°C) and rainfall is usually in the spring and autumn months.
Bloemfontein
Known as the 'City of Roses', Bloemfontein is a small interior city that forms the economic and cultural center of the Free State and is the judicial capital of South Africa. With wide streets, beautifully kept gardens and dated state buildings, Bloemfontein is a modern city that has an old charm about it.
Surrounded by rural farmland for many miles in every direction, the metropolis is the central transport hub for the rest of the country and is visited mainly as a stopover to other destinations. While visiting, take a stroll down the historical, tree lined President Brand street, which has been declared a national conservation area and admire the architecture of the sandstone government buildings. One of the major centers of activity in Bloemfontein is the man-made Loch Logan Waterfront, which offers a range of shops, restaurants, bars and clubs and is the place to be after dark.
The Oliewenhuis Art Gallery is also a worthy sojourn as it houses magnificent work by both traditional and contemporary South African artists. The monthly art market in Kings Park, the annual Rose Festival in October and the Agricultural show in March all pull crowds from around South Africa and visiting tourists.
There are a number of reserves in the area, including Caledon, Franklin, Soetdoring Dam, and others. Bloemfontein also has several good golf courses, and a zoo that the kids will enjoy while Dad is on the links. Be sure to have visit the beautiful Free State National Botanical Gardens; and have a look at the Free State Stadium, the largest structure in town, that hosted five games for the 2010 World Cup.
Richards Bay
Richards Bay is one of South Africa's biggest ports, boasting the largest export coal terminal in the world that loads 66 million tons every year, and is situated on the 12 square mile (30 sq km) lagoon of the Mhlatuze River. It began as a makeshift harbor that was set up during the Anglo-Boer War of 1879 and is named after its founder, Sir Frederick Richards. The specialized ships that call are a must-see for maritime buffs. The town is a bustling business center featuring every modern facility and offers plenty of recreational facilities for visitors.
Besides the rapid industrial expansion, Richards Bay's tourism industry is thriving and it is fast becoming a popular north coast vacation destination, with spectacular scenery on offer and pristine golden beaches gently lapped by the warm waters of the Indian Ocean. It is a popular kite-surfing destination, as the area has good consistent winds blowing from the north-east, and highly ranked kite-surfers are regular visitors to this town. Tourists can enjoy plenty of other adventurous activities such as fishing, yachting and kayaking. Humpback dolphins and whales are frequent visitors to the waters around Richards Bay and can be viewed from a specially erected viewing point at Alkantstrand Beach.
While the town itself is notoriously sleepy, Richards Bay offers tourists entrance to the once forgotten corner of Africa that is Zululand, a place of exquisite beauty and diversity. A multitude of game reserves are within an hour or two's drive of Richards Bay. Hluhluwe Umfolozi Park is a must-see for nature lovers, featuring the 'big five' (elephants, lions, leopards, buffalo and rhinos) as well as cheetahs, wild dogs and nyala. Lake Mzingazi, the primary water supply of Richards Bay, is a popular tourist attraction offering visitors the chance to view Nile crocodiles and hippos as well as over 350 species of birds, making it a bird watcher's paradise. Richards Bay's surrounds have vast expanses of untouched and unspoiled indigenous vegetation as well as natural lakes and marshes, making it one of the most picturesque tourist destinations in the country.
Climate
Climate conditions in Richards Bay are typically subtropical to tropical with summer temperatures all year round. The average daily temperature in summer is 82ºF (28ºC) and in winter 72º F (22ºC). The humidity levels tend to be very high and the annual rainfall is 47.2 inches (1200mm).
Transkei
The Transkei (meaning 'across the Kei') is a region situated roughly between East London and Durban in the Eastern Cape, bordered by the Great Kei River in the south and the Umtamvuna River near Port Edward in the north.
Characterised by green rolling hills scattered with round thatched huts, and a stunning coastline, the ruggedly beautiful Transkei region has become increasingly attractive to tourists seeking an unspoiled experience of South Africa, a far cry from the many westernised luxuries that can be found throughout most of the country. The Wild Coast is perhaps the most visited part, with stretches of golden beach sprinkled with shells, overlooked by traditional Xhosa villages set amid the green hills, and punctuated by rough potholed roads.
Coffee Bay and Port St John's are the two main tourist towns and have become a haven for independent travelers and backpackers. Hole-in-the-Wall close to Coffee Bay is a popular attraction, a geographical marvel where the sea has pounded a tunnel through a huge rock in the sea.
Historically, the Transkei was one of the homelands created by the Apartheid government to be set aside for black, Xhosa-speaking South Africans until it became an independent state in 1976 with Umtata (Mthatha) as the capital. Today the only reason to visit Umtata is to see the Nelson Mandela Museum that showcases his life in photos and displays. Just to the north the little town of Qunu lays its claim to fame as the birthplace of Mandela.
Climate
The Transkei's climate is subtropical with plenty of rainfall during the summer months and hot, humid weather. Winter weather is dry and mild. Average daytime temperatures during the summer from November to March range from 70F to 79F (21C to 26C). The coldest time of the year is at night during the winter months when the temperature drops to around 50F (10C).
Pretoria
Pretoria is affectionately known as the Jacaranda City due to its profusion of purple-colored trees that blossom in spring. It is located 56 miles (90km) from Johannesburg, although this drive can take up to two hours in the infamous traffic between the two cities. Pretoria is South Africa's administrative capital and one of the country's more attractive cities, its relatively green and picturesque urban center forming a stark contrast to its much more chaotic neighbor of Johannesburg. Pretoria was founded in 1955 and named after Andries Pretorius, the boerleader at the Battle of Blood River where the Voortrekkersdefeated the Zulus under King Dingaan. But since 1994, the city's Jacaranda tree-lined streets are better known as the administrative capital of South Africa, and as home to the iconic Union Buildings where Nelson Mandela was sworn in as the country's first democratically elected president. Pretoria may not be one of South Africa's most popular tourist destinations, but it makes a fantastic base for a multitude of sightseeing opportunities. Offering some unique attractions such as the historic Voortrekker Monument, the South African National Zoological Gardens, one of the world's first-class zoos, and the nearby town of Cullinan where the discovery of the world's largest diamond took place, Pretoria offers visitors a unique glimpse into a city brimming with history and simultaneously embracing its cultural changes.
Drakensberg Mountains
The jagged peaks of the Drakensberg (Dragon Mountains) tower over the eastern border of Kwa-Zulu Natal with Lesotho, providing a paradise for outdoor enthusiasts. The mountains abound with hiking trails, climbing routes, 4x4 trails, pony treks and adventure pursuits, all accessible from numerous resorts in the lower reaches.
Though home to a few luxury resorts and small towns, the region is largely untamed, and criss-crossed by lengths of rugged dirt roads. The only road that breaches the mountain range and crosses the border to Lesotho is the hair-raising Sani Pass, which is topped by the highest pub in Africa.
The mountain range is a popular getaway for Johannesburg and Durban residents, offering plenty of opportunities for hiking, rock climbing, golf, horseback riding, fishing, and even hot air ballooning. If relaxation is what you're after however, you can simply enjoy the stunning views provided by the peaks and valleys and their waterfalls, caves, streams, and rock pools. Several locations, including Giant's Castle, feature ancient rock paintings left by the San people on cave walls.
Whether you venture north to the highest peaks of Mont-Aux-Sources, Cathedral Peak, and the Amphitheater; or amuse yourself in the foothills to the south, a vacation in the Drakensberg Mountains offer fun and relaxation for everyone.
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- South Africa: South Africa Hotels | South Africa Attractions
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