Sightseeing OverviewMost first-time visitors to Cairo understandably make a bee-line for the
pyramids. Located in
Giza, 18km (11 miles) from the city center, they dominate the skyline of the city’s suburbs as they dominate the imagination of travelers. But Cairo is about much more than these remarkable constructions. Indeed, you could spend months in what could arguably be called the capital of the Arab world and still only scratch the surface.
Some sections of the city are attractions in themselves. The narrow streets of
Old Cairo, the
Coptic quarter and
Islamic Cairo are like museums
of historical buildings, punctuated by mosques, edged by the city gates and presided over by the
citadel. Meanwhile, the
Khan al-Khalili, the city’s main market (see
Shopping), is the place to go to watch the Cairenese about their daily lives - especially from the vantage point of one of the many coffee shops or restaurants hidden in the warren of streets.
The
Egyptian Museum of Antiquities is at the heart of the city, near Midan Tahrir, or
Central Square. Dusty, and dated, this characterful old charmer houses some of the most exquisite artifacts of antiquity. To the north is
Bulaq, a district of medieval back streets along the Nile. To the south is
Garden City, a tree-lined former British enclave of the wartime years. Another area worth exploring is the
Nile island of Gezira, famed for its
opera house and
art museums, and for a fashionable area of
bars and restaurants known as
Zamalek.
It is quickest and easiest to take a taxi to the first destination of the day and walk to nearby sights from there. Note that most museums are closed during midday prayers on Fridays, approximately 1130-1330.
Tourist InformationEgyptian Tourist Authority 5 Sharia Adly, Midan Opera
Tel: (02) 391 3454.
Website:
www.egypt.travel Opening hours: Daily 0830-2000 (0900-1700 during Ramadan).
There are also offices at Cairo Airport (all terminals), the Pyramids, Pyramids Street (tel: (02) 383 8823) and Giza and Rameses Railway Stations.
There is no tourist office for Cairo itself but there is a dedicated Tourist Police hotline (126) and an official website for Cairo’s Islamic monuments (website:
www.cim.gov.eg).
PassesThere are no dedicated tourist discount passes in Cairo.
Key Attractions:Egyptian Museum of Antiquities With more than 120,000 artifacts spanning Egyptian history from the earliest dynasties to the Roman era, the Egyptian Museum represents the largest collection of its kind in the world. It would take several months to see every exhibit. A minimum of three to four hours is necessary to take in the highlights and, if time allows, the museum is best appreciated on successive half-day visits. The collection was first assembled by the French archaeologist Auguste Mariette in 1858. The top attractions are the Tutankhamun Galleries, which display the gold and gem-inlaid funerary mask and 1,700 other treasures found in the tomb of the Boy King (restricted access), and the Royal Mummy Room, which contains the corpses of 11 of Egypt’s most powerful pharaohs including Seti I and his son Ramses II. Room 27 displays intricate models of ancient life on the Nile during the Middle Kingdom, while the Old Kingdom Rooms contain beautiful statues and death masks from Giza and Saqqara. The Akhenaten Room, Jewelry Rooms and animal mummies are also fascinating.
Midan Tahrir
Tel: (02) 578 2248
or 2452.
Website:
www.egyptianmuseum.gov.eg Admission charge (additional charge for Mummies’ Hall); photographic charge.
Pyramids of Giza One of the seven wonders of the ancient world, the pyramids of Giza are Egypt’s prime tourist attraction. First impressions can disappoint, partly because many visitors find them smaller than anticipated now that the city has begun to engulf the surrounding area, and partly because it’s hard to enjoy them without being molested by persistent salesmen. That said, the longer the visit, the more powerful the pyramids become.
The Great Pyramid of Cheops was completed in about 2600BC and is the oldest on the site, and the largest in Egypt. It stands 136.4m (447.5ft) high and is made from an estimated 2.5 million limestone blocks. It was built to house the sarcophagus of King Cheops (or Khufu to give him his proper Egyptian name), although it is not known whether he was ever actually buried here. Nearby are three smaller pyramids built for the king’s queens, and beyond are the two other large pyramids, those of Chephren and Mycerinus. Chephren was the son of Cheops and popular belief has it that he had the idea of building the Sphinx, to stand guard by his own tomb and that of his father. Some archaeologists say that this is not the case, and the Sphinx may even be some 2,600 years older than the pyramids themselves. Surrounding the pyramids are many smaller tombs and while there, one should also visit the Solar Boat Museum, which houses a superbly preserved wooden boat found near the Great Pyramid. There are daily sound and light shows (tel: (02) 385 2880), check times for different languages.
Pyramid Road, 18km (11 miles) southwest of central Cairo
Admission charge.
Coptic Museum Situated in a lovely garden within the former Roman fortress of Babylon-in-Egypt, the Coptic Museum features Coptic art from the Christian era (AD300-1000). Among the highlights are the exquisite Coptic textiles, carved ivories,
papyri (ancient paper) with text from the Gnostic gospels of Nag Hammadi, and Nubian paintings from the flooded villages of Lake Nassar. The ornate rooms are decorated with beautiful
mashrabiyya (carved wood) screens, fountains and painted ceilings.
Sharia Mari Girgis, Old Cairo
Tel: (02) 363 9742
or 362 8766.
Website:
www.copticmuseum.gov.eg Admission charge.
el-Muallaqa Church (the ‘Hanging Church’) Possibly dating back as far as the fourth century, el-Muallaqa is the oldest Christian place of worship in Cairo. It is called the ‘Hanging Church’ because it is built on top of a Roman gate and reached by a stairway that leads to the courtyard. The beautiful interior features three barrel-vaulted aisles, altar screens of inlaid ivory and bone and an exquisite, carved marble pulpit supported by 13 pillars representing Christ and his disciples.
Sharia Mari Girgis, Old Cairo
Free admission, donations welcome.
Bab Zuwayla The southern gate of Bab Zuwayla is all that remains of the Fatimid city of el-Qahira. Executions took place here in Mamluk times but in the 19th century it acquired a happier reputation when a local saint, Mitwalli, performed miracles near the gate. To this day, people seeking healing nail a lock of hair or piece of clothing to the gate in hopes of receiving divine aid. Rising above the gate are the minarets of the
Mosque of el-Muayyad, which offer some of the finest panoramic views in Cairo from the top. The mosque contains a shady courtyard and the mausoleum of the Sultan el-Muayyad and his son, who began building the mosque in 1415.
Sharia Darb el-Ahmar, Islamic Cairo
Admission charge for the mosque;
baksheesh for the minarets.
Bayn al-Qasryn In medieval times, Bayn al-Qasryn was the leading public square in Cairo, bustling with market stalls and entertainers. Today, it is lined with three Mamluk palace complexes, which form a harmonious and impressive façade. The finest, the
Madrassa and Mausoleum of Qalaun, is also the earliest, completed in 1279. The mausoleum is stunningly decorated with an elaborate stucco arch bearing stars and floral motifs, ornate coffered ceilings and stained glass. The
Mausoleum of an-Nasir Mohammed (1304) and the
Madrassa and Khanqah of Sultan Barquq (1386) also boast fine architecture and decoration. Incidentally, a
madrassa is a theological school, while a
khanqah is a monastery.
Sharia el-Muizz, Islamic Cairo
Admission charge.
Bayt el-Suhaymi Behind an unassuming facade is one of Cairo’s finest houses, Bayt el-Suhaymi. Dating from the Ottoman era, it offers a glimpse of the lifestyle of well-to-do merchants during the 16th and 17th centuries. The maze of rooms on different levels feature an ornate first-floor harem with
mashrabiyya screens overlooking the garden and an impressive ground-floor reception room where men were entertained with music and dancers.
19 Haret Darb el-Asfar, Islamic Cairo
Admission charge.
Citadel (el-Qal’a) Nothing remains of Salah ad-Din’s original 12th-century palace but the mosques and palaces atop this limestone outcrop reflect 700 years of Cairo history. The fortifications were first built to repel the Crusaders and became the royal residence for sultans well into the 19th century. The
Mohammed Ali Mosque, with its huge central dome and four semi-domes, towers over the city. The enclosure also contains the
Mosque of al-Nasir, Yusuf’s Well and several small museums. The views over Cairo from the Citadel are outstanding.
Islamic Cairo
Admission charge.
Gayer-Anderson House (Bayt el-Kritliya) The Gayer-Anderson House was the home of an English doctor to the royal family, who lived here from 1935-42. He restored two 16th-century houses, joined them together and filled them with exquisite decoration, furniture and oriental objects. The
mashrabiyya-screened women’s gallery overlooks the magnificent reception room with its central fountain, arguably the finest in Cairo.
4 Midan Ahmed Ibn Tulun, Islamic Cairo
Admission charge.
Ibn Tulun Mosque Of all the mosques in Cairo, this is the one that should not be missed. Completed in 879, it is the oldest intact mosque in the city. The huge structure, built of mud-brick and wood, covers 2.4 hectares (6 acres) but is simple in decor. It is a unique example in Cairo of classical Islamic architecture inspired by Iraqi models, having been built by Ibn Tulin, who was sent to rule Cairo by the caliph of Baghdad. The pointed arches are the first of their kind. The views from the top of the spiral minaret are magnificent.
Sharia el-Salibah, Islamic Cairo
Admission charge.
Islamic Art Museum This museum houses one of the world’s largest and finest collections of Islamic art, dating from the seventh to the 19th centuries. The rooms contain carved woodwork and columns, mosaic fountains, metalwork and other architectural exhibits salvaged from crumbling mosques and mausoleums throughout Egypt. Some of the finest pieces are located in the central hall.
Midan Ahmad Mahir (Bab el-Khalq), Port Said Street, Islamic Cairo
Tel: (02) 390 1520.
Admission charge.
Mosque-Madrassa of Sultan Hassan Covering 7,900 sq m (85,000 sq ft), this is one of the largest mosques in the world and the finest early Mamluk structure in Cairo. It was built between 1356 and 1363 and encompasses a stunning courtyard, four
madrassas (theology schools) and a mausoleum flanked by huge doors. Visitors should go in the morning when the sun lights up the dark mausoleum.
Sharia el-Qal’a, Islamic Cairo
Admission charge.
Further Distractions:Wikala of al-Ghouri A
wikala, also known as a
caravanserai, is a medieval merchants’ hostel that catered for traveling traders. They stabled their animals on the ground floor, slept in the rooms above and haggled with their clients in the courtyard. This is the best preserved of the handful of Cairo’s remaining
wikalas. The stables now house artists’ studios, while the courtyard is used for theater and concerts. Around the corner is the striking striped al-Ghouri complex, with its mosque-madrassa and mausoleum. Part of the mausoleum now serves as a cultural center, offering twice-weekly Sufi dancing performances.
Sharia el-Azhar, Islamic Cairo
Admission charge.
City of the Dead Many tourists may feel squeamish at the thought of visiting the City of the Dead, but dozens of ‘tomb squatters’ have made it their home and other Cairenes come to visit and picnic at the graves of their relatives, an ancient tradition. This huge necropolis is divided into the northern and southern cemetery on either side of the Citadel and contains some outstanding Islamic architecture. The finest monuments are in the northern cemetery. The
Mosque of Qaitbey, a Mamluk ruler, has an intricately carved dome, the finest in the Muslim world, while the splendidly decorated interior surrounds a peaceful courtyard. Visitors are advised to stick to the main streets in the cemeteries for safety reasons.
Islamic Cairo
Free admission, charge for the Mosque of Qaitbey.
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